1. Hitamo ibipimo bya geometrike yigikoresho
Mugihe utunganya ibyuma bidafite ingese, geometrie yo gukata igice cyigikoresho igomba gusuzumwa muburyo bwo guhitamo impande zombi.Mugihe uhitamo inguni ya rake, ibintu nkumwirondoro wumwironge, kuba cyangwa kutabaho kwa chamfering hamwe ninguni nziza kandi mbi yibyuma bigomba gutekerezwa.Hatitawe ku gikoresho, impande nini ya rake igomba gukoreshwa mugihe utunganya ibyuma bitagira umwanda.Kongera inguni yibikoresho birashobora kugabanya ubukana bwagaragaye mugihe cyo gukata no gukuraho.Guhitamo impagarike yo gukuraho ntabwo bikomeye, ariko ntibigomba kuba bito cyane.Niba inguni yo gukuraho ari nto cyane, bizatera ubushyamirane bukomeye hamwe nubuso bwakazi, bikarushaho gukomera kwububiko bwimashini no kwihutisha kwambara.Kandi kubera guterana gukomeye, ingaruka zo gukomera hejuru yicyuma kitagira ingese zongerewe;igikoresho cyo gukuraho ibikoresho ntigomba kuba kinini cyane, kinini cyane, kugirango impande ya wedge yigikoresho igabanuke, imbaraga zo gukata ziragabanuka, kandi kwambara igikoresho byihuta.Mubisanzwe, impande zubutabazi zigomba kuba nini kuruta iyo gutunganya ibyuma bisanzwe bya karubone.
Guhitamo inguni ya rake Uhereye kubice byo kugabanya ubushyuhe no gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe, kongera inguni ya rake birashobora kugabanya kubyara ubushyuhe, kandi ubushyuhe bwo kugabanya ntibuzaba hejuru cyane, ariko niba impande ya rake ari nini cyane, ubushyuhe bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe cy'igikoresho inama izagabanuka, kandi kugabanya ubushyuhe bizaba bitandukanye.Hejuru.Kugabanya inguni ya rake birashobora kunoza uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bwumutwe wogukata, kandi ubushyuhe bwo kugabanya burashobora kugabanuka, ariko niba inguni ya rake ari nto cyane, guhindagura ibice bizaba bikomeye, kandi ubushyuhe buterwa no gukata ntibuzagabanuka byoroshye. .Imyitozo yerekana ko inguni ya rake igenda = 15 ° -20 ° niyo ikwiye cyane.
Mugihe uhitamo inguni yo gutunganyiriza imashini ikarishye, imbaraga zo gukata ibikoresho bikomeye byo gukata zisabwa kuba ndende, bityo hagomba guhitamo inguni ntoya;mugihe cyo kurangiza, igikoresho cyo kwambara kiboneka cyane mugice cyo gukata no kuruhande.Ibyuma bitagira umwanda, ibikoresho bikunda gukora cyane, bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumiterere yubuso no kwambara ibikoresho biterwa no guterana hejuru kuruhande.Inguni yubutabazi ishyize mu gaciro igomba kuba: kuri austenitis ibyuma bidafite ingese (munsi ya 185HB), inguni yubutabazi irashobora kuba 6 ° - —8 °;yo gutunganya ibyuma bya martensitike idafite ibyuma (hejuru ya 250HB), impande zemewe ni 6 ° -8 °;kuri martensitike idafite ibyuma (munsi ya 250HB), inguni yo gukuraho ni 6 ° -10 °.
Guhitamo impande zifatika Ingano nicyerekezo cyuruhande rwicyerekezo cyerekana icyerekezo cya chip.Guhitamo gushyira mu gaciro impande zombi ni ubusanzwe -10 ° -20 °.Ibikoresho binini byifashishwa bigomba gukoreshwa mugihe micro-irangije uruziga rwo hanze, umwobo uhindura neza, hamwe nindege zitegura neza: ls45 ° -75 ° igomba gukoreshwa.
2. Guhitamo ibikoresho by'ibikoresho
Iyo gutunganya ibyuma bitagira umwanda, nyir'ibikoresho agomba kuba afite imbaraga zihagije no gukomera bitewe nimbaraga nini zo gukata kugirango yirinde kuganira no guhindura ibintu mugihe cyo gutema.Ibi bisaba guhitamo ahantu hanini hakwiye kwambukiranya igice cyabafite ibikoresho, no gukoresha ibikoresho-byimbaraga nyinshi kugirango bikore ibikoresho, nko gukoresha ibyuma byazimye kandi bifite ubushyuhe 45 cyangwa ibyuma 50.
Ibisabwa kugirango uce igice cyigikoresho Mugihe utunganya ibyuma bitagira umwanda, ibikoresho byigice cyo gukata igikoresho birasabwa kugira imyambarire myinshi kandi bigakomeza imikorere yayo yo kugabanya ubushyuhe bwinshi.Kugeza ubu ibikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa ni: ibyuma byihuta na karbide ya sima.Kubera ko ibyuma byihuta cyane bishobora gukomeza ibikorwa byayo byo kugabanya munsi ya 600 ° C, ntibikwiriye gukata byihuse, ariko birakwiriye gusa gutunganya ibyuma bitagira umuyonga kumuvuduko muke.Kuberako karbide ya sima ifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ubushyuhe no kwambara birwanya ibyuma byihuta cyane, ibikoresho bikozwe mubikoresho bya karbide ya sima birakwiriye gukata ibyuma bitagira umwanda.
Carbide ya sima igabanijwemo ibyiciro bibiri: tungsten-cobalt alloy (YG) na tungsten-cobalt-titanium alloy (YT).Tungsten-cobalt alloys ifite ubukana bwiza.Ibikoresho bikozwe birashobora gukoresha inguni nini ya rake ninguni ikarishye yo gusya.Chip iroroshye guhinduka mugihe cyo gukata, kandi gukata birihuta.Chips ntabwo yoroshye gukomera kubikoresho.Muri iki gihe, birakwiye cyane gutunganya ibyuma bitagira umwanda hamwe na tungsten-cobalt.Cyane cyane mugukora imashini ikarishye no gukata rimwe na rimwe hamwe na vibrasi nini, tungsten-cobalt alloy blade igomba gukoreshwa.Ntabwo bikomeye kandi byoroshye nka tungsten-cobalt-titanium alloy, ntabwo byoroshye gukarisha, kandi byoroshye gukata.Tungsten-cobalt-titanium alloy ifite ubukana bwiza butukura kandi irwanya kwambara kurusha tungsten-cobalt ivanze nubushyuhe bwo hejuru, ariko iravunika cyane, ntishobora kwihanganira ingaruka no kunyeganyega, kandi muri rusange ikoreshwa nkigikoresho cyicyuma kitagira umwanda. guhindukira.
Gukata imikorere yibikoresho bifitanye isano no kuramba no gutanga umusaruro wigikoresho, kandi gukora ibikoresho byibikoresho bigira ingaruka kubikorwa no gukarisha ubwiza bwigikoresho ubwacyo.Nibyiza guhitamo ibikoresho byibikoresho bifite ubukana bwinshi, birwanya gukomera hamwe no gukomera, nka YG sima ya karbide, nibyiza ko udakoresha karbide YT ya sima, cyane cyane mugihe utunganya 1Gr18Ni9Ti ibyuma bitagira umuyonga, ugomba kwirinda rwose gukoresha YT ikomeye ya alloy Alloy , kubera ko titanium (Ti) mubyuma bidafite ingese na Ti muburyo bwa YT ubwoko bwa sima ya karbide itanga isano, chip irashobora gukuramo byoroshye Ti mumisemburo, iteza imbere kwambara ibikoresho.Imyitozo yumusaruro yerekana ko gukoresha YG532, YG813 na YW2 ibyiciro bitatu byibikoresho byo gutunganya ibyuma bitagira umwanda bifite ingaruka nziza yo gutunganya
3. Guhitamo amafaranga yo kugabanya
Kugirango uhagarike ibisekuru byubatswe byubatswe hamwe nubunini bwa spurs no kuzamura ubwiza bwubuso, mugihe utunganijwe hamwe nibikoresho bya karbide ya sima, amafaranga yo kugabanya ari munsi gato ugereranije no guhindura ibyuma rusange bya karuboni, cyane cyane umuvuduko wo kugabanya ntukwiye kuba mwinshi muremure, umuvuduko wo gukata urasabwa muri rusange Vc = 60——80m / min, ubujyakuzimu ni ap = 4——7mm, naho igipimo cyo kugaburira ni f = 0.15——0.6mm / r.
4. Ibisabwa kubutaka bubi bwo gukata igice cyigikoresho
Kunoza ubuso burangije igice cyo gukata igikoresho birashobora kugabanya kwihanganira mugihe imitwe igoramye kandi igateza imbere igihe kirekire.Ugereranije no gutunganya ibyuma bisanzwe bya karubone, mugihe utunganya ibyuma bitagira umwanda, amafaranga yo kugabanya agomba kugabanywa muburyo bukwiye kugirango ibikoresho bigabanuke;icyarimwe, amazi akwiye yo gukonjesha no gusiga amavuta agomba gutoranywa kugirango agabanye ubushyuhe bwo kugabanya no gukata mugihe cyo gutema, no kongera igihe cyumurimo wigikoresho.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-28-2021
