Ibyuma bidasa bivuga ibyuma byibintu bitandukanye (nka aluminium, umuringa, nibindi) cyangwa ibivange bimwebimwe byakozwe mubyuma bimwe byibanze (nkibyuma bya karubone, ibyuma bitagira umwanda, nibindi) bifite itandukaniro rikomeye mubintu bya metallurgjiya, nkumubiri imitungo, imiti yimiti, nibindi birashobora gukoreshwa nkicyuma fatizo, icyuma cyuzuza cyangwa icyuma gisudira.
Kuzenguruka ibikoresho bidasa bivuga inzira yo gusudira ibikoresho bibiri cyangwa byinshi bitandukanye (bivuga ibihimbano bitandukanye bya chimique, imiterere ya metallografiya, imitungo, nibindi) mugihe runaka.Mu gusudira ibyuma bidasa, ibisanzwe ni ugusudira ibyuma bidasa, bigakurikirwa no gusudira ibyuma bidasa na fer ndetse no gusudira ibyuma n’ibyuma bidafite fer.
Urebye kumiterere ihuriweho, haribintu bitatu byingenzi, aribyo guhuza hamwe nibikoresho bibiri bitandukanye byibanze, guhuza hamwe nicyuma kimwe cyibanze ariko ibyuma bitandukanye byuzuzanya (nkibice bifashisha ibikoresho byo gusudira austenitike kugirango usudire hagati ya karubone yazimye kandi ifite ubushyuhe, nibindi), Kandi gusudira hamwe hamwe nibyuma byuma, nibindi.
Kuzenguruka ibikoresho bidasa nigihe ibyuma bibiri bitandukanye bisudira hamwe, urwego rwinzibacyuho rufite imiterere nuburyo butandukanye biva mubyuma fatizo byanze bikunze bizakorwa.Kuberako ibyuma bidasa bifite itandukaniro rigaragara mubintu byibanze, ibintu bifatika, imiterere yimiti, nibindi, ugereranije no gusudira ibintu bimwe, gusudira ibikoresho bidasa biragoye cyane muburyo bwo gusudira hamwe nubuhanga bukoreshwa..
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Ibibazo nyamukuru biriho mu gusudira ibikoresho bidasa nibi bikurikira:
1. Ninshi itandukaniro ryo gushonga ingingo yibikoresho bidasa, niko bigoye gusudira.
Ibi ni ukubera ko iyo ibikoresho bifite aho bishonga bigeze kumashanyarazi, ibikoresho bifite aho bihurira bikiri muburyo bukomeye.Muri iki gihe, ibikoresho bishongeshejwe byoroshye kwinjira mu mbibi z’ingano z’akarere gashyuha cyane, bigatera gutakaza ibikoresho byo hasi byo gushonga no gutwika cyangwa guhumeka ibintu bivanze.Kora ingingo zo gusudira bigoye gusudira.Kurugero, mugihe cyo gusudira ibyuma nisasu (bifite aho bitandukaniye cyane), ntabwo ibyo bikoresho byombi bidashonga muburyo bukomeye, ariko kandi ntibishobora gushonga muburyo bwamazi.Icyuma gisukuye gikwirakwizwa mubice kandi kigahindura ukundi nyuma yo gukonja.
2. Ninshi itandukaniro rya coefficient yo kwagura umurongo wibikoresho bidasa, niko bigoye gusudira.
Ibikoresho bifite coefficient nini yo kwagura umurongo bizagira igipimo kinini cyo kwagura ubushyuhe no kugabanuka cyane mugihe cyo gukonja, bizatanga impungenge nini zo gusudira mugihe pisine yashongeshejwe.Iyi mihangayiko yo gusudira ntabwo yoroshye kuyikuraho, bikavamo ihinduka rinini ryo gusudira.Bitewe nuburyo butandukanye bwibintu byibikoresho kumpande zombi za weld, biroroshye gutera ibice muri weld hamwe na zone yibasiwe nubushyuhe, ndetse bigatera icyuma gisudira gukuramo icyuma fatizo.
3. Nini itandukaniro ryinshi ryumuriro nubushyuhe bwihariye bwibikoresho bidasa, niko bigoye gusudira.
Ubushuhe bwumuriro hamwe nubushuhe bwihariye bwibikoresho bizonona imiterere ya kristalisiti yicyuma gisudira, koroha cyane ibinyampeke, kandi bigira ingaruka kumikorere yicyuma cyangiritse.Kubwibyo, ubushyuhe bukomeye bugomba gukoreshwa mu gusudira.Mugihe cyo gusudira, umwanya wubushyuhe ugomba kuba werekeza kuruhande rwicyuma fatizo hamwe nubushyuhe bwiza.
4. Nini itandukaniro rya electromagnetic hagati yibikoresho bidasa, niko bigoye gusudira.
Kuberako itandukaniro rinini rya electromagnetic hagati yibikoresho, niko guhindagurika arc gusudira bizaba bibi kandi gusudira bizaba bibi.
5. Kurenza uko intermetallic compound igizwe hagati yibikoresho bidasa, niko bigoye gusudira.
Kuberako ibice bivangavanze bitagoranye, birashobora gutera byoroshye gucika cyangwa no kumeneka muri weld.
6. Mugihe cyo gusudira cyibikoresho bidasa, bitewe nimpinduka zuburyo bwa metallografiya yikibanza cyo gusudira cyangwa inyubako nshya zashizweho, imikorere yingingo zasudiwe zirangirika, bizana ingorane zikomeye zo gusudira.
Imiterere yubukanishi bwa fonction hamwe na zone yibasiwe nubushyuhe burakennye, cyane cyane ubukana bwa plastike buragabanuka cyane.Bitewe no kugabanuka gukomeye kwa plastike yingingo hamwe no kubaho kwa stress yo gusudira, ingingo zasuditswe zibikoresho bidasa zikunda gucika, cyane cyane mukarere katewe nubushyuhe bwo gusudira, bikaba bishoboka cyane ko byacika cyangwa bikavunika.
7. Gukomera kwa okiside yibikoresho bidasa, niko bigoye gusudira.
Kurugero, iyo umuringa na aluminiyumu bisudwa no gusudira fusion, okiside y'umuringa na aluminiyumu ikorwa byoroshye muri pisine yashongeshejwe.Mugihe cyo gukonjesha no korohereza, okiside igaragara kumupaka wingano irashobora kugabanya imbaraga zuzuzanya.
8. Iyo gusudira ibikoresho bidasa, biragoye kubudozi bwo gusudira hamwe nibyuma bibiri byibanze byujuje ibisabwa imbaraga zingana.
Ni ukubera ko ibyuma bifite ingingo nkeya zishonga byoroshye gutwika no guhumeka mugihe cyo gusudira, bigahindura imiterere yimiti ya weld kandi bikagabanya imiterere yubukanishi, cyane cyane iyo gusudira ibyuma bidasa na fer.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-28-2023
