Usibye ibintu bitunganijwe, ibindi bintu byo gusudira, nkubunini bwa groove nubunini bwikinyuranyo, inguni ihindagurika ya electrode nakazi, hamwe nu mwanya uhagaze hamwe, birashobora no kugira ingaruka kumiterere ya weld nubunini bwa weld.
Ibikoresho byo gusudira Xinfa bifite ibiranga ubuziranenge kandi buke. Ushaka ibisobanuro birambuye, nyamuneka sura:Abasudira & Gukata Inganda - Ubushinwa bwo gusudira & Gukata Uruganda & Abatanga isoko (xinfatools.com)
1. Ingaruka zo gusudira kumashanyarazi yo gusudira
Mubindi bihe bimwe na bimwe, nkuko arc gusudira arc byiyongera, ubujyakuzimu bwinjira nuburebure busigaye bwa weld bwiyongera, kandi ubugari bwinjira bwiyongera gato. Impamvu ni izi zikurikira:
Mugihe imiyoboro yo gusudira ya arc yiyongera, imbaraga za arc zikora kuri weldment ziriyongera, ubushyuhe bwinjira muri arc kuri weldment bwiyongera, kandi aho isoko yubushyuhe igenda ikamanuka, ibyo bikaba bifasha gutwara ubushyuhe bugana mubwimbitse bwa pisine yashongeshejwe kandi ikiyongera ubujyakuzimu. Ubujyakuzimu bwinjira bugereranijwe hafi yo gusudira, ni ukuvuga, ubujyakuzimu bwinjira H bugereranywa na Km × I.
2) Umuvuduko wo gushonga wa arc welding core cyangwa insinga yo gusudira iringaniza numuyoboro wo gusudira. Mugihe imiyoboro yo gusudira ya arc yo gusudira yiyongera, umuvuduko wo gushonga wicyuma cyo gusudira uriyongera, kandi ingano yinsinga yo gusudira yashonga yiyongera hafi ugereranije, mugihe ubugari bwo gushonga bwiyongera gake, bityo imbaraga zo gusudira zikiyongera.
3) Nyuma yo gusudira byiyongera, diameter yinkingi ya arc iriyongera, ariko ubujyakuzimu bwa arc bwinjira mubikorwa byiyongera, kandi intera igenda yikibanza cya arc igarukira, bityo ubwiyongere bwubugari bwo gushonga ni buto.
Mugihe cya gaz ikingiwe arc gusudira, imiyoboro yo gusudira iriyongera kandi ubujyakuzimu bwinjira bwiyongera. Niba imiyoboro yo gusudira ari nini cyane kandi ubucucike buri hejuru cyane, birashoboka ko byinjira mu rutoki, cyane cyane iyo gusudira aluminium.
2. Ingaruka ya arc voltage kumasuderi yo gusudira
Mugihe ibindi bintu bizwi, kongera ingufu za arc bizongera ingufu za arc bikwiranye, kandi ubushyuhe bwinjira muri weldment buziyongera. Ariko, kwiyongera kwa arc voltage bigerwaho mukongera uburebure bwa arc. Ubwiyongere bwuburebure bwa arc bwongera inkomoko yubushyuhe bwa arc, bwongera ubushyuhe bwa arc, kandi bugabanya ubwinshi bwingufu zinjiza weldment. Kubwibyo, ubujyakuzimu bugabanuka gato mugihe ubujyakuzimu bwiyongera. Muri icyo gihe, kubera ko umuyoboro wo gusudira udahinduka, ingano yo gushonga y'insinga yo gusudira ntigihinduka cyane, bigatuma imbaraga zo gusudira zigabanuka.
Uburyo butandukanye bwo gusudira arc bukoreshwa kugirango haboneke uburyo bwo gusudira bukwiye, ni ukuvuga, kubungabunga icyerekezo gikwiye cyo gusudira kigizwe na coefficient and, no kongera ingufu za arc mu buryo bukwiye mugihe wongereyeho gusudira. Birasabwa ko arc voltage na welding bigezweho bifitanye isano ihuye. . Ibi nibisanzwe mubyuma arc gusudira.
3. Ingaruka yumuvuduko wo gusudira kumiterere yo gusudira
Mubindi bihe bimwe, kongera umuvuduko wo gusudira bizagabanya kugabanuka kwinjiza ubushyuhe bwo gusudira, bityo bigabanye ubugari bwa weld hamwe nubujyakuzimu. Kubera ko ingano yicyuma cyashyizwe kumurongo wuburebure bwa weld iringaniza ihwanye numuvuduko wo gusudira, imbaraga zo gusudira nazo ziragabanuka.
Umuvuduko wo gusudira ni ikimenyetso cyingenzi cyo gusuzuma umusaruro wo gusudira. Kugirango tunoze umusaruro wo gusudira, umuvuduko wo gusudira ugomba kwiyongera. Ariko, kugirango tumenye neza ingano yo gusudira ikenewe mu gishushanyo mbonera, imiterere yo gusudira hamwe na voltage ya arc bigomba kwiyongera uko bikwiye mugihe byongera umuvuduko wo gusudira. Ibi bintu bitatu bifitanye isano. Muri icyo gihe, hakwiye kandi gutekereza ko mugihe wongereyeho gusudira, voltage ya arc, hamwe n umuvuduko wo gusudira (nukuvuga, ukoresheje imbaraga nyinshi zo gusudira arc hamwe n’umuvuduko mwinshi wo gusudira), inenge zo gusudira zishobora kubaho mugihe cyo gushonga. pisine hamwe nuburyo bwo gukomera bwa pisine yashongeshejwe, nko kuruma. Impande, ibice, nibindi, nuko hariho imipaka yo kongera umuvuduko wo gusudira.
4. Ingaruka zo gusudira ubwoko bwubu hamwe na polarite nubunini bwa electrode muburyo bwo gusudira
1. Ubwoko na polarite yo gusudira
Ubwoko bwo gusudira bugabanijwemo DC na AC. Muri byo, gusudira kwa DC arc bigabanyijemo DC ihoraho kandi ihindagurika DC ukurikije ahari cyangwa kutabaho kwa pulses zubu; ukurikije polarite, igabanijwemo DC imbere ihuza (gusudira bihujwe nibyiza) na DC ihinduranya (gusudira bihujwe nibibi). AC arc gusudira igabanijwemo sine wave AC hamwe na kwaduka kwaduka AC ukurikije imiterere itandukanye ya none. Ubwoko na polarite yumuyaga wo gusudira bigira ingaruka kumubare wubushyuhe bwinjizwa na arc kuri weldment, bityo bikagira ingaruka kumiterere ya weld. Irashobora kandi kugira ingaruka kubikorwa byo kohereza ibitonyanga no gukuraho firime ya oxyde hejuru yicyuma fatizo.
Iyo tungsten arc gusudira bikoreshwa mu gusudira ibyuma, titanium nibindi bikoresho byicyuma, ubujyakuzimu bwinjira muri weld bwakozwe ni bunini iyo umuyoboro utaziguye uhujwe, kwinjira ni ntoya iyo umuyoboro utaziguye uhujwe, kandi AC iri hagati ya bibiri. Kubera ko gusudira kwinjirira ari nini mugihe cyo guhuza bitaziguye kandi igihombo cya tungsten electrode yatakaye nicyo gitoya, guhuza amashanyarazi bigomba gukoreshwa mugihe cyo gusudira ibyuma, titanium nibindi bikoresho byuma hamwe na tungsten electrode argon arc gusudira. Iyo tungsten argon arc gusudira ikoresha gusudira DC gusudira, ibipimo bya pulse birashobora guhinduka, bityo ubunini bwo gusudira bushobora kugenzurwa nkuko bikenewe. Iyo gusudira aluminium, magnesium hamwe na alloys hamwe na tungsten arc gusudira, birakenewe gukoresha ingaruka zo gusukura catodiki ya arc kugirango usukure firime ya oxyde hejuru yibikoresho fatizo. Nibyiza gukoresha AC. Kuva ibipimo bya flimform ya kare ya kare ya AC irashobora guhinduka, ingaruka zo gusudira nibyiza. .
Mugihe cyo gusudira ibyuma arc, ubujyakuzimu bwinjira nubugari muri DC ihuza ni binini kuruta ibyo guhuza ubu, kandi ubujyakuzimu bwinjira nubugari muri AC gusudira biri hagati yabyo. Kubwibyo, mugihe cyo gusudira arc gusudira, DC ihuza ikoreshwa kugirango ibone kwinjira cyane; mugihe mugihe cyo kurengerwa arc kugaragara gusudira, DC imbere ihuza ikoreshwa mukugabanya kwinjira. Mugihe cyo gusudira gaze ikingiwe na arc, ubujyakuzimu bwinjira ntabwo bunini gusa mugihe cyo guhuza DC, ariko kandi uburyo bwo gusudira arc hamwe nigitonyanga cyo gutonyanga birahagaze neza kuruta ibyo mugihe cyo guhuza kwerekanwa na AC, kandi bifite n'ingaruka zo gusukura cathode, kubwibyo ni Byinshi Byakoreshejwe, Mugihe DC Imbere Ihuza n'Itumanaho muri rusange ntabwo bikoreshwa.
2. Ingaruka ya tungsten tip tip imiterere, diameter ya wire n'uburebure bwagutse
Inguni n'imiterere ya tungsten electrode y'imbere bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumyuka ya arc hamwe nigitutu cya arc, kandi igomba gutoranywa ukurikije ingano yumuyaga wo gusudira hamwe nubunini bwa weldment. Mubisanzwe, uko arc yibanze cyane hamwe nigitutu kinini cya arc, niko ubujyakuzimu bwinjira no kugabanuka gukwiranye nubugari bwinjira.
Mugihe cyo gusudira ibyuma arc gusudira, mugihe umuyoboro wo gusudira uhoraho, insinga yo gusudira yoroheje, niko ubushyuhe bwa arc buzaba bwibanze cyane, ubujyakuzimu bwiyongera, kandi ubugari bwinjira bugabanuka. Ariko, mugihe uhitamo diameter yo gusudira ya diametre mumushinga nyirizina wo gusudira, ingano iriho hamwe nuburyo bwa pisine byashongeshejwe nabyo bigomba kwitabwaho kugirango birinde gusudira nabi.
Iyo uburebure bwagutse bwinsinga zo gusudira mubyuma bya gaz arc gusudira byiyongera, ubushyuhe bwokwirinda buterwa numuyoboro wo gusudira unyuze mugice cyagutse cyinsinga yo gusudira byiyongera, ibyo bikaba byongera umuvuduko wo gushonga kwinsinga, bityo imbaraga zo gusudira zikiyongera kandi ubujyakuzimu bugabanuka. Kubera ko kurwanya insinga zo gusudira ibyuma ari binini cyane, ingaruka z'uburebure bw'uburebure bw'insinga zo gusudira ku miterere yo gusudira zigaragara cyane mu byuma no gusudira neza. Kurwanya insinga ya aluminiyumu ni ntoya kandi imbaraga zayo ntabwo ari ngombwa. Nubwo kongera uburebure bwagutse bwinsinga zo gusudira birashobora kunoza coefficente yo gushonga ya wire yo gusudira, urebye ituze ryogushonga kwinsinga yo gusudira no gushiraho icyuma gisudira, hariho intera yemewe yo gutandukana muburebure bwagutse bwa insinga.
5. Ingaruka zindi mpamvu zikorwa muburyo bwo gusudira ibintu
Usibye ibintu byavuzwe haruguru byavuzwe haruguru, ibindi bintu byo gusudira, nkubunini bwa groove nubunini bwikinyuranyo, inguni ihindagurika ya electrode hamwe nakazi, hamwe nu mwanya uhagaze hamwe, birashobora no kugira ingaruka kumiterere ya weld nubunini bwa weld.
1. Inzira n'ibyuho
Iyo gusudira arc gukoreshwa mugusudira ikibuno, niba ari ukubika icyuho, ingano yikinyuranyo, nuburyo bwa groove mubisanzwe bigenwa ukurikije ubunini bwisahani. Iyo ibindi bihe bihoraho, binini binini bya groove cyangwa icyuho, niko bito gushimangira imbaraga zo gusudira, ibyo bikaba bihwanye no kugabanuka kumwanya wikidodo, kandi muriki gihe igipimo cyo guhuza kigabanuka. Kubwibyo, gusiga icyuho cyangwa gufungura ibishishwa birashobora gukoreshwa mugucunga ingano yimbaraga no guhindura igipimo cya fusion. Ugereranije no gutondeka udasize icyuho, imiterere yo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bwombi iratandukanye. Muri rusange, imiterere ya kristu yo gutondeka ni nziza.
2. Electrode (insinga yo gusudira) inguni
Mugihe cyo gusudira arc, ukurikije isano iri hagati yicyerekezo cya electrode nicyerekezo cyo gusudira, igabanijwe mubwoko bubiri: electrode imbere ihengamye hamwe na electrode isubira inyuma. Iyo insinga yo gusudira ihengamye, arc axis nayo iranyeganyega. Iyo insinga yo gusudira igana imbere, ingaruka zingufu za arc kumasohoro yinyuma yicyuma gishongeshejwe kiracika intege, icyuma cyamazi cyamazi munsi yikidendezi cyashongeshejwe kiba kinini, ubujyakuzimu bugabanuka, ubujyakuzimu bwa arc bwinjira muri weldment iragabanuka, arc ya rugendo igenda yaguka, kandi ubugari bwashonga bwiyongera, hamwe na coheight iragabanuka. Gutoya y'imbere inguni α y'insinga yo gusudira, biragaragara ko iyi ngaruka ari. Iyo insinga yo gusudira igoramye inyuma, ibintu birahabanye. Iyo ukoresheje electrode arc gusudira, uburyo bwa electrode inyuma-tilt uburyo bukoreshwa, kandi inguni ya α iri hagati ya 65 ° na 80 °.
3. Inguni ihanamye yo gusudira
Kugoreka gusudira bikunze kugaragara mubikorwa nyabyo kandi birashobora kugabanywa gusudira hejuru no gusudira. Muri iki gihe, icyuzi cya pisine gishongeshejwe gikunda gutemba kumanuka kumurongo munsi yibikorwa bya rukuruzi. Mugihe cyo gusudira hejuru, uburemere bufasha icyuma gishongeshejwe cyuma kigana inyuma yicyuzi gishongeshejwe, bityo ubujyakuzimu bwinjira ni bunini, ubugari bwashongeshejwe ni buke, n'uburebure busigaye ni bunini. Iyo inguni ya upslope α ari 6 ° kugeza 12 °, imbaraga ni nini cyane kandi munsi yo kugabanuka ikunda kugaragara kumpande zombi. Mugihe cyo gusudira kumanuka, iyi ngaruka irinda icyuma muri pisine yashongeshejwe gisohoka inyuma yicyuzi gishongeshejwe. Arc ntishobora gushyushya cyane icyuma munsi yicyuzi gishongeshejwe. Ubujyakuzimu bwinjira buragabanuka, arc ikibanza cyimodoka cyagutse, ubugari bwashongeshejwe bwiyongera, kandi uburebure busigaye buragabanuka. Niba impande zifatika zo gusudira ari nini cyane, bizaganisha ku kwinjira bidahagije no gutembera kwibyuma byamazi muri pisine yashongeshejwe.
4. Ibikoresho byo gusudira n'ubunini
Kwinjira gusudira bifitanye isano no gusudira, hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro nubushyuhe bwubushyuhe bwibikoresho. Nibyiza ubushyuhe bwumuriro wibikoresho hamwe nubushobozi bwubushyuhe bwa volumetric, nubushuhe burakenewe kugirango ushongeshe ingano yicyuma kandi uzamure ubushyuhe bumwe. Kubwibyo, mubihe bimwe na bimwe nko gusudira ibyubu nibindi bintu, ubujyakuzimu bwimbitse nubugari bizagabanuka gusa. Nubucucike bwibintu cyangwa ubwiza bwamazi, niko bigoye ko arc yimura icyuma gishongeshejwe cyamazi, hamwe nuburebure bwimbitse. Ubunini bwa weldment bugira ingaruka kumyuka yubushyuhe imbere muri weldment. Iyo ibindi bintu bisa, ubunini bwa weldment bwiyongera, ubushyuhe bugabanuka, kandi ubugari bwinjira nuburebure bwinjira bikagabanuka.
5. Flux, gutwikira electrode no gukingira gaze
Ibice bitandukanye bigize flux cyangwa electrode coating biganisha kumatara atandukanye ya polar voltage yamashanyarazi hamwe na arc inkingi ishobora kuba ya arc, byanze bikunze bizagira ingaruka kumiterere ya weld. Iyo ubwinshi bwa flux ari buto, ingano yingingo nini, cyangwa uburebure bwa stacking ni nto, umuvuduko ukikije arc uba muke, inkingi ya arc iraguka, kandi ikibanza cya arc kigenda murwego runini, bityo ubujyakuzimu bwinjira ni buto, ubugari bwo gushonga ni bunini, n'uburebure busigaye ni buto. Iyo gusudira ibice byimbaraga hamwe nimbaraga nyinshi arc gusudira, ukoresheje pumice imeze nka flux irashobora kugabanya umuvuduko wa arc, kugabanya ubujyakuzimu, no kongera ubugari bwinjira. Byongeye kandi, icyapa cyo gusudira kigomba kugira ubukonje bukwiye hamwe nubushyuhe bwo gushonga. Niba ubukonje buri hejuru cyane cyangwa ubushyuhe bwo gushonga buri hejuru, icyapa kizaba gifite umwuka mubi, kandi biroroshye gukora ibyobo byinshi byumuvuduko hejuru yubudodo, kandi guhindura ubuso bwa weld bizaba bikennye.
Ibigize gaze ikingira (nka Ar, He, N2, CO2) ikoreshwa mugusudira arc iratandukanye, kandi imiterere yumubiri nkubushyuhe bwumuriro iratandukanye, bigira ingaruka kumyuka ya polar ya arc, ishobora kuba igipimo cya inkingi ya arc, igice cyambukiranya igice cyinkingi ya arc, hamwe nimbaraga za plasma. , gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bwihariye, nibindi, byose bigira ingaruka kumiterere ya weld.
Muri make, hari ibintu byinshi bigira ingaruka kumiterere ya weld. Kugirango ubone uburyo bwiza bwo gusudira, ugomba guhitamo ukurikije ibintu nubunini bwa weldment, umwanya uhagaze wa weld, imiterere ihuriweho, imiterere yakazi, ibisabwa kugirango imikorere ihuriweho nubunini bwa weld, nibindi. Uburyo bukwiye bwo gusudira kandi uburyo bwo gusudira bukoreshwa mu gusudira, kandi icy'ingenzi ni imyifatire yo gusudira ku gusudira! Bitabaye ibyo, gusudira hamwe no gukora ntibishobora kuba byujuje ibisabwa, kandi inenge zitandukanye zo gusudira zishobora no kubaho.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-27-2024
