Iterambere ryibyuma rifite umwanya wingenzi mumateka yiterambere ryabantu. Nko mu kinyejana cya 28 kugeza mu cya 20 mbere ya Yesu, mu Bushinwa hagaragaye imiringa y'umuringa n'imiringa y'umuringa, imyitozo, ibyuma n'ibindi byuma by'umuringa. Mu mpera z’ibihugu by’intambara (ikinyejana cya gatatu mbere ya Yesu), ibyuma byumuringa byakozwe kubera ubuhanga bwa tekinoroji ya carburizing. Imyitozo n'ibiti muri kiriya gihe byari bifite aho bihuriye n'imyitozo igezweho igezweho.
Iterambere ryihuse ryibyuma ryazanwe no guteza imbere imashini nka moteri ya parike mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 18.
Mu 1783, René wo mu Bufaransa yabanje gukora imashini zisya. Mu 1923, Schrotter yo mu Budage yahimbye karbide ya sima. Iyo karbide ya sima ikoreshwa, imikorere irenze inshuro ebyiri icyuma cyihuta cyane, kandi ubwiza bwubuso hamwe nuburinganire bwukuri bwibikorwa byakozwe mugukata nabyo biratera imbere cyane.
Kubera igiciro kinini cyibyuma byihuta na karbide ya sima, mu 1938, Isosiyete yo mu Budage Degusa yabonye ipatanti ku byuma by’ubutaka. Mu 1972, Isosiyete ikora amashanyarazi rusange yo muri Amerika yakoze polycrystalline synthique diyama na polycrystalline cubic boron nitride. Ibi bikoresho bitari ibyuma byemerera igikoresho kugabanya umuvuduko mwinshi.
Mu 1969, Suwede Sandvik Steel Works yabonye ipatanti yo gukora titanium karbide yashizwemo karbide yinjizwamo imyuka ya chimique. Mu 1972, Bangsha na Lagolan muri Amerika byateje uburyo bwo guhuza imyuka bwo kubitsa ku mubiri wa kantium cyangwa titanium nitride hejuru ya karbide cyangwa ibikoresho byo hejuru. Uburyo bwo gutwikira hejuru burahuza imbaraga nubukomezi bwibikoresho fatizo hamwe nuburemere bukabije no kwambara birwanya urwego rwubuso, kugirango ibikoresho bibumbwe bifite imikorere myiza yo guca.
Bitewe n'ubushyuhe bwinshi, umuvuduko mwinshi, umuvuduko mwinshi, hamwe nibice bikora mubitangazamakuru byangirika byangiza, hakoreshwa ibikoresho byinshi kandi bigoye-kumashini, kandi urwego rwo gutangiza ibyatunganijwe hamwe nibisabwa kugirango bitunganyirizwe bigenda byiyongera. . Mugihe uhitamo inguni yigikoresho, birakenewe gusuzuma ingaruka zimpamvu zitandukanye, nkibikoresho byakazi, ibikoresho by ibikoresho, ibikoresho byo gutunganya (bikabije, kurangiza), nibindi, kandi bigomba gutoranywa muburyo bukurikije ibihe byihariye.
Ibikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa: ibyuma byihuta cyane, karbide ya sima (harimo cermet), ububumbyi, CBN (cubic boron nitride), PCD (diyama polycrystalline), kubera ko ubukana bwabo bukomeye kuruta bumwe, mubisanzwe rero, umuvuduko wo guca nabwo ni Umwe ni muremure kuruta undi.
Isesengura ryibikoresho bifatika
Icyuma cyihuta:
Irashobora kugabanywamo ibyuma bisanzwe byihuta cyane hamwe nicyuma cyihuta cyane.
Ibyuma bisanzwe byihuta cyane, nka W18Cr4V, bikoreshwa cyane mugukora ibyuma bitandukanye bigoye. Umuvuduko wacyo wo kugabanya muri rusange ntabwo uri hejuru cyane, kandi ni 40-60m / min mugihe ukata ibyuma bisanzwe.
Ibyuma byihuta cyane byuma, nka W12Cr4V4Mo, byashongeshejwe hongewemo ibintu bimwe na bimwe bya karubone, ibirimo vanadium, cobalt, aluminium nibindi bintu mubyuma bisanzwe byihuta. Kuramba kwayo gukubye inshuro 1.5-3 icyuma gisanzwe cyihuta.
Carbide:
Ukurikije GB2075-87 (ukurikije ibipimo 190), irashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bitatu: Carbide yo mu bwoko bwa P, M, na K. P ikoreshwa cyane mugutunganya ibyuma bya fer hamwe na chip ndende, naho ubururu bukoreshwa nka ikimenyetso; Ubwoko bwa M bukoreshwa cyane mugutunganya ibyuma bya ferrous. Kandi ibyuma bidafite ferrous, byaranzwe numuhondo, bizwi kandi nkibisanzwe-bigamije gukomera, ubwoko bwa K bukoreshwa cyane mugutunganya ibyuma bya fer, ibyuma bidafite fer hamwe nibikoresho bitari ibyuma hamwe na chip ngufi, byanditseho umutuku.
Imibare yicyarabu inyuma ya P, M, na K yerekana imikorere yayo nogutunganya imitwaro cyangwa uburyo bwo gutunganya. Umubare muto, niko gukomera niko gukomera.
ububumbyi:
Ibikoresho bya ceramic bifite imbaraga zo kwambara kandi birashobora gutunganya ibikoresho bikomeye-bigoye cyangwa bidashoboka gutunganya hamwe nibikoresho gakondo. Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho byo gutema ceramic birashobora gukuraho ingufu zikoreshwa mugutunganya annealing, bityo rero birashobora kandi kongera ubukana bwakazi kandi bikongerera igihe cyo gukora ibikoresho byimashini.
Ubuvanganzo hagati yicyuma ceramic nicyuma ni gito mugihe cyo gutema, gukata ntibyoroshye kwizirika ku cyuma, kandi ntabwo byoroshye kubyara inkombe zubatswe, kandi birashobora gukora gukata byihuse. Kubwibyo, mubihe bimwe, uburinganire bwubuso bwakazi buri hasi. Igikoresho kiramba ni inshuro nyinshi cyangwa ninshuro nyinshi kurenza ibikoresho gakondo, bigabanya umubare wibikoresho byahinduwe mugihe cyo gutunganya; ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, ubukana bwiza butukura. Irashobora guca ubudahwema kuri 1200 ° C. Kubwibyo, kugabanya umuvuduko winjiza ceramic birashobora kuba hejuru cyane kurenza karbide ya sima. Irashobora gukora umuvuduko mwinshi cyangwa kumenya "gusimbuza gusya no gusya". Gukata neza biruta inshuro 3-10 kurenza ibikoresho gakondo byo gutema, kugera ku ngaruka zo kuzigama amasaha yumuntu, amashanyarazi, numubare wibikoresho byimashini 30-70% cyangwa birenga.
CBN:
Nibintu bya kabiri bikomeye cyane ibikoresho bizwi ubu. Ubukomere bwurupapuro rwa CBN muri rusange ni HV3000 ~ 5000, rufite ubushyuhe bwinshi nubushyuhe bukabije, kandi bukarwanya okiside nyinshi. Oxidation ibaho, kandi nta reaction ya chimique ibaho hamwe nibikoresho bishingiye ku byuma kuri 1200-1300 ° C. Ifite ubushyuhe bwiza bwumuriro hamwe na coefficient de fraisse nkeya
Polycrystalline diamant PCD:
Icyuma cya diyama gifite ibimenyetso biranga ubukana bwinshi, imbaraga zo gukomeretsa cyane, ubushyuhe bwiza bwumuriro no kwambara, kandi birashobora kubona neza gutunganya neza no gutunganya neza mugukata byihuse. Kubera ko imiterere ya PCD ari umubiri mwiza wa diyama yacumuye kandi ifite icyerekezo gitandukanye, ubukana bwayo no kwihanganira kwambara biracyari hasi ugereranije na diyama imwe ya kirisiti nubwo hiyongereyeho binder. Ubusabane hagati yibyuma bidafite fer nibikoresho bitari ibyuma ni bito cyane, kandi chip ntabwo byoroshye kwizirika kumutwe wigikoresho kugirango ube wubatswe mugihe cyo gutunganya
Imirima ijyanye no gukoresha ibikoresho:
Ibyuma byihuta cyane: bikoreshwa cyane mubihe bisaba gukomera cyane nko gukora ibikoresho nuburyo bugoye;
Carbide ya sima: urwego runini rwibisabwa, birashoboka cyane;
Ubukorikori: Ahanini bikoreshwa mugukora nabi no gutunganya byihuse ibice bikomeye bihinduka no guta ibyuma;
CBN: Ahanini ikoreshwa mubice bikomeye guhindukira no gutunganya byihuse ibyuma byuma (muri rusange, birakora neza kuruta ububumbyi mubijyanye no kurwanya kwambara, gukomera no kuvunika);
PCD: Ahanini ikoreshwa mugukata neza cyane gukata ibyuma bidafite fer nibikoresho bitari ibyuma.
Ibikoresho bya Xinfa CNC bifite ubuziranenge buhebuje kandi biramba, kubisobanuro birambuye, nyamuneka reba: https://www.xinfatools.com/cnc-tools/
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-02-2023
