Usibye guhitanwa n’amashanyarazi, gutwika, n’umuriro nko gusudira intoki arc, gusudira argon arc bifite kandi amashanyarazi menshi yumuriro wa elegitoroniki, imirasire ya electrode, kwangiza urumuri rwa arc, umwotsi wo gusudira, hamwe nubumara bwubumara bukomeye cyane kuruta gusudira intoki. Ibyingenzi ni amashanyarazi menshi na ozone.
1. Kurinda ibyangiritse kumashanyarazi yumuriro mwinshi
1. Ibisekuruza nibibi byumuriro mwinshi wa electromagnetic
Muri tungsten arc gusudira hamwe na plasma arc gusudira, oscillator nyinshi-zikoreshwa cyane mugukangura arc. Imashini zimwe zo gusudira za AC argon arc nazo zikoresha oscillator yumurongo mwinshi kugirango uhagarike arc. Inshuro ya oscillator yumurongo ukunze gukoreshwa mugusudira ni ibihumbi 200-500 byikurikiranya, voltage ni 2500-3500 volt, ubukana bwumuvuduko mwinshi ni 3-7 mA, naho ubukana bwumuriro w'amashanyarazi ni volt 140-190 / metero. Kumara igihe kirekire gusudira kumashanyarazi yumurongo mwinshi wa electromagnetic birashobora gutera imitsi idakora neza na neurasthenia. Ibimenyetso birimo kurwara muri rusange, kuzunguruka, kurota, kubabara umutwe, kubura kwibuka, umunaniro, kubura ubushake bwo kurya, kudasinzira n'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso.
Reba ibipimo byubuzima kumashanyarazi yumurongo wa elegitoroniki yerekana ko imirasire yemewe kumasaha 8 yo guhura ari 20 V / m. Ukurikije ibipimo, ubukana bwumuriro mwinshi wa electromagnetic yumurima wakiriwe nibice byose byo gusudira mugihe intoki za tungsten arc gusudira birenze ibisanzwe. Muri byo, ubukana bw'ukuboko ni bwo hejuru, burenze urugero rw'ubuzima inshuro zirenga 5. Niba oscillator yumurongo mwinshi ikoreshwa gusa mugutwika arc, ingaruka zizaba nto kubera igihe gito, ariko kumara igihe kirekire nabyo byangiza, kandi hagomba gufatwa ingamba zikomeye zo kubarinda.
2. Ingamba zo gukingira zirwanya amashanyarazi menshi yumurima
⑴ Kubireba arc hamwe ningamba zo guhagarika arc muri welding ya argon, gerageza ukoreshe ibikoresho bya transistor pulse aho gukoresha ibikoresho byihuta cyane, cyangwa kubitwika gusa. Arc imaze gutwika, hita uhagarika amashanyarazi menshi.
Kugabanya inshuro zinyeganyega, hindura ibipimo bya capacitori na inductor, kandi ugabanye inshuro zingana na 30.000 kugirango ugabanye ingaruka kumubiri wumuntu. Kuri
⑶ Ku nsinga zikingiwe hamwe ninsinga, koresha umuringa mwiza ushyizwemo insinga zoroshye, uzishyire hanze yumugozi wa kabili (harimo insinga ziri mumatara yo gusudira no kumashini yo gusudira), hanyuma ubitere hasi. Kuri
AuseKubera ko voltage yumuvuduko mwinshi wumuzunguruko uri hejuru cyane, igomba kuba ifite insulation nziza kandi yizewe.
Ibikoresho byo gusudira Xinfa bifite ibiranga ubuziranenge kandi buke. Ushaka ibisobanuro birambuye, nyamuneka sura:Abasudira & Gukata Inganda - Ubushinwa bwo gusudira & Gukata Uruganda & Abatanga isoko (xinfatools.com)
2. Kwirinda gukomeretsa imirasire
1. Inkomoko n'ingaruka z'imirase
Thoriated tungsten electrode ikoreshwa mugusudira argon arc no gusudira plasma arc irimo 1-1.2% ya thorium oxyde. Thorium ni ibintu bifata radiyo bigira ingaruka kumirasire mugihe cyo gusudira no mugihe cyo guhura ninkoni ya tungsten.
Imirasire ikora ku mubiri w'umuntu muburyo bubiri: imwe ni irrasi yo hanze, indi ni irrasi y'imbere iyo yinjiye mumubiri binyuze mumyanya y'ubuhumekero nigifu. Umubare munini wiperereza nupima kuri argon arc gusudira hamwe no gusudira plasma arc byagaragaje ko ibyago byabo byangiza radio ari bike, kuko mg 100-200 gusa zinkoni za tungsten zikoreshwa buri munsi, kandi igipimo cyimirasire ni gito cyane kandi gifite bike ingaruka ku mubiri w'umuntu. . Nyamara, hari ibintu bibiri bigomba kwitabwaho: icya mbere, iyo gusudira muri kontineri, guhumeka ntabwo byoroshye, kandi uduce duto twa radiyoyoka mu mwotsi dushobora kurenza ibipimo byubuzima; icya kabiri, iyo gusya thorium tungsten inkoni kandi ahariho inkoni ya thorium tungsten, aerosole ya radiyoyose Kandi kwibumbira hamwe ivumbi rya radio rishobora kugera cyangwa bikarenga ibipimo byubuzima. Kwinjira mu bikoresho bya radiyoyoka mu mubiri birashobora gutera uburwayi bwimirasire idakira, bigaragarira cyane cyane mu kugabanuka kwimikorere rusange, intege nke nintege nke, kugabanya cyane kurwanya indwara zandura, guta ibiro nibindi bimenyetso. Kuri
2. Ingamba zo gukumira imirasire
Ink Inkoni za tungsten zigomba kugira ibikoresho byihariye byo kubika. Iyo bibitswe ku bwinshi, bigomba guhishwa mu dusanduku twuma kandi bigashyirwaho imiyoboro isohoka.
⑵ Iyo ukoresheje igifuniko gifunze cyo gusudira, igifuniko ntigomba gufungurwa mugihe gikora. Mugihe gikora intoki, ingofero irinda ikirere igomba kwambara cyangwa hagomba gufatwa izindi ngamba zifatika. Kuri
Wheel Inziga idasanzwe yo gusya igomba gutegurwa gusya inkoni ya tungsten. Urusyo rugomba kuba rufite ibikoresho byo gukuramo ivumbi. Imyanda yo gusya hasi ya gride igomba guhanagurwa kenshi mugusukura neza kandi igashyirwa hamwe igashyingurwa cyane. Kuri
Wambare umukungugu wumukungugu mugihe usya inkoni ya tungsten. Nyuma yo guhura ninkoni ya tungsten, ugomba gukaraba intoki ukoresheje amazi meza nisabune, kandi koza imyenda yakazi hamwe na gants. Kuri
⑸Hitamo ibisobanuro bifatika mugihe cyo gusudira no gukata kugirango wirinde gutwika cyane inkoni ya tungsten. Kuri
⑹ Gerageza kudakoresha inkoni ya tungsten ariko ukoreshe cerium tungsten inkoni cyangwa yttrium tungsten, kuko bibiri bya nyuma ntabwo ari radio.
3. Irinde kwangirika kwurumuri arc
1. Ingaruka z'imirasire ya arc
Imirasire yo gusudira arc ikubiyemo cyane cyane urumuri rugaragara, imirasire yumuriro na ultraviolet. Bikora ku mubiri w'umuntu kandi bigatwarwa nuduce twabantu, bigatera ingaruka zumuriro, fotokimiki cyangwa ionisation kumubiri, bigatera kwangirika kwinyama zabantu.
Imirasire ya Ultraviolet Imirasire yumurase wa ultraviolet iri hagati ya micron 0.4-0.0076. Mugihe kigufi cyumuraba, niko kwangiza ibinyabuzima. Uruhu n'amaso byabantu byumva cyane imishwarara ya ultraviolet. Bitewe nimirasire ikomeye ya ultraviolet, uruhu rushobora gutera dermatite, hamwe na erythma igaragara kuruhu, nkaho yahuye nizuba, ndetse nudusimba duto, exudate na edema, hamwe no gutwika, kwishongora, ubwuzu, hanyuma nyuma hijimye. . Gukuramo. Amaso yumva cyane imirasire ya ultraviolet. Kumara igihe gito bishobora gutera keratoconjunctivitis ikaze, bita ophthalmia electrophoto. Ibimenyetso ni ububabare, kumva bikabije, amarira menshi, gufotora, gutinya umuyaga, no kutabona neza. Mubisanzwe, Ntabwo hazabaho urukurikirane. Kuri
Imirasire ya ultraviolet ya arc yo gusudira ifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kwangiza fibre, kandi imyenda ya pamba niyo yangiritse cyane. Umwenda wera ufite imbaraga zo kurwanya imirasire ya UV bitewe nuburyo bukomeye bwo kwerekana. Imirasire ya ultraviolet ikorwa na argon arc gusudira yikubye inshuro 5-10 zo gusudira intoki arc, kandi ibyangiritse birakomeye. Imyenda y'akazi yo gusudira argon arc igomba kuba ikozwe mu mwenda urwanya aside nka tweed na silike ya oak.
Imirasire yumucyo Uburebure bwumurase wa infragre iri hagati ya microne 343-0.76. Ingaruka nyamukuru yumubiri wumuntu ningaruka zumuriro wa tissue. Imirasire miremire ndende irashobora kwinjizwa numubiri wumuntu, bigatuma abantu bumva bashyushye; imirasire migufi ya infragre irashobora kwinjizwa nuduce, bigatuma bumva bashyushye.
Shyushya amaraso nuduce twimbitse, bitera gutwikwa. Mugihe cyo gusudira, amaso yawe azahura nimirasire ikomeye ya infragre, kandi uzahita wumva umuriro mwinshi nububabare bwaka, kandi hazabaho flash hallucination. Kumara igihe kirekire bishobora nanone gutera cataracte ya infragre, kubura amaso, kandi mubihe bikomeye, ubuhumyi. Irashobora kandi gutera inkari.
LightUmucyo ugaragara Guhindura urumuri rwumucyo ugaragara wa arc yo gusudira birenze inshuro 10,000 kurenza ihinduka ryumucyo ijisho ryonyine rishobora kwihanganira. Iyo ihuye nimirasire, amaso arashobora kumva ababaye kandi ntashobora kubona neza mugihe gito. Ubusanzwe arc yitwa "dazzling", kandi ubushobozi bwo gukora butakara mugihe gito, ariko birashobora kugarurwa vuba. Kuri
2. Kurinda urumuri rwo gusudira
Kugirango urinde amaso kwangirika kwurumuri rwa arc, abasudira bagomba kwambara mask hamwe nayunguruzo rwihariye mugihe cyo gusudira. Mask ikozwe mu ikarito yijimye yijimye, ifite ishusho nziza, yoroheje, irwanya ubushyuhe, idakora, kandi ntisohora urumuri. Akayunguruzo gashizwe kuri mask, bakunze kwita ikirahure cyirabura, gikunze gukoreshwa nkicyuma cyo kuyungurura. Guhitamo umwirabura bigomba kugenwa ukurikije ubukana bwumudozi. Icyerekezo cyo gusudira hamwe nubucyo bwibidukikije byo gusudira nabyo bigomba kwitabwaho. Abasudira bato bato bafite amaso meza kandi bagomba gukoresha akayunguruzo gafite amabara manini kandi yijimye. Iyo gusudira nijoro cyangwa ahantu hijimye, hagomba no guhitamo lens zijimye.
Hariho ubwoko bwokwirinda bwerekana ibintu bishobora kwerekana urumuri rukomeye rwa arc, bigabanya ubukana bwurumuri rwa arc rwangiza amaso, kandi rukarinda neza amaso. Hariho kandi lens ya fotoelectric ishobora guhita ihindura urumuri. Ifite umucyo mwiza mugihe arc idacanwa kandi irashobora kubona neza ibibera hanze yindorerwamo. Iyo arc yakongejwe, umwijima wa goggles uzahita wimbuka kandi urashobora guhagarika urumuri neza. Ibi bivanaho gukenera kuzamura mask cyangwa guhanagura amadarubindi yo kurinda mugihe uhinduye inkoni zo gusudira.
Kugirango wirinde uruhu rwo gusudira kwangirika kwa arc, imyenda irinda gusudira igomba kuba ikozwe muri canvas yamabara yoroheje cyangwa yera kugirango yongere ubushobozi bwo kwerekana urumuri rwa arc. Umufuka wimyenda yakazi ugomba kuba wijimye. Mugihe ukora, utubuto tugomba guhambirwa cyane, uturindantoki tugomba gushyirwa hanze yigitereko, umukufi ugomba gufungwa, amaguru yipantaro ntagomba kugabanywa, kandi uruhu ntirukwiye kugaragara.
Kugirango babuze abakozi bafasha nabandi bakozi hafi yikibanza cyo gusudira gukomereka n’umucyo wa arc, bagomba gufatanya, gusuhuza mbere yo gutwika umuriro, kandi abakozi bafasha bagomba kwambara ibirahuri byamabara. Iyo gusudira mumwanya uhamye, hagomba gukoreshwa ecran ikingira urumuri.
Ingaruka za gaze yuburozi
Bitewe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe nimirasire ikomeye ya ultraviolet ya arc yo gusudira, imyuka itandukanye yangiza ikorwa hafi yakarere ka arc, muri yo harimo ozone, okiside ya azote, monoxide ya karubone na fluoride hydrogène nibyo byingenzi.
1. Ozone Oxygene yo mu kirere ihura na fotokimiki munsi ya irrasiyoya ya ultraviolet ngufi kugirango itange ozone (O3). Ozone ni gaze yubururu yoroheje ifite impumuro nziza. Iyo kwibanda cyane, bifite impumuro nziza; iyo kwibumbira hejuru, bifite uburyohe busharira muburyohe bwamafi. Ingaruka nyamukuru ku mubiri w'umuntu ni uko igira ingaruka zikomeye ku myanya y'ubuhumekero no mu bihaha. Iyo intumbero ya ozone irenze urugero runaka, akenshi itera inkorora, umuhogo wumye, ururimi rwumye, gukomera mu gatuza, kubura ubushake bwo kurya, umunaniro, kuzunguruka, isesemi, ububabare rusange, nibindi. Mubihe bikomeye, cyane cyane iyo gusudira mubintu bifunze hamwe guhumeka nabi, birashobora kandi gutera bronchite.
Ukurikije ibipimo, ubunini bwa ozone mubidukikije byo gusudira bifitanye isano nuburyo bwo gusudira, ibikoresho byo gusudira, imyuka ikingira, hamwe n’ibisobanuro byo gusudira.
Nkurikije ibyavuye mu iperereza n’ubushakashatsi ku bibanza bikorerwa mu gihugu cyanjye, igipimo cy’isuku cyo kwibanda kuri ozone ni 0.3 mg / m3.
2. Azote ya azote Okiside ya azote mugihe cyo gusudira ikorwa bitewe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa arc, butera gutandukana no kongera kwiyongera kwa molekile ya azote na ogisijeni mu kirere. Okiside ya azote nayo irakaza imyuka yubumara, ariko ntabwo ifite uburozi kurusha ozone. Okiside ya azote ahanini igira ingaruka zikurura ibihaha.
Ibintu bigira ingaruka kumyuka ya azote isa na ozone. Mugihe cyo gusudira arcon arc na plasma arc gusudira, niba hadafashwe ingamba zo guhumeka, kwibumbira hamwe kwa okiside ya azote akenshi birenze ibipimo byubuzima inshuro zirenga icumi cyangwa inshuro nyinshi. Igihugu cyacu giteganya ko urwego rwubuzima bwa azote (ihindurwamo = oxyde ya azote) ari 5 mg / m3.
Mugihe cyo gusudira, amahirwe ya okiside ya azote iriho yonyine ni nto cyane. Ubusanzwe ozone na azote ya azote ibaho icyarimwe, bityo ikaba ifite uburozi. Muri rusange, kuba hari imyuka ibiri yubumara icyarimwe icyarimwe byangiza inshuro 15-20 kuruta gaze imwe yuburozi.
3. Carbone monoxide Carbone monoxide ikorwa no kubora kwa gaze karuboni munsi yubushyuhe bwinshi bwa arc. Ubwoko bwose bwo gufungura arc gusudira bizatanga gaze ya karubone, muribwo karuboni ya dioxyde de carbone ikingira itanga imbaraga nyinshi. Ukurikije ibipimo, imyunyu ngugu ya karubone hafi ya mask yo gusudira irashobora kugera kuri mg / m3 300, ikubye inshuro zirenga icumi ugereranije n’ubuzima. Ubwinshi bwa monoxyde de carbone ikorwa mugihe cyo gusudira plasma arc nayo ni ndende cyane, bityo rero hakwiye kwitabwaho cyane cyane gukorera ahantu hadahumeka neza.
Hariho imyuka ya karubone igera kuri 1% mu mwotsi wo gusudira intoki arc, kandi kwibumbira mu kintu gifunze hamwe no guhumeka nabi bishobora kugera kuri mg / m3 15. ubuzima bw’igihugu cyanjye buteganya ko imyuka ya karubone 30 mg / m3.
Umwuka wa karubone ni gaze ihumeka. Ingaruka z'uburozi ku mubiri w'umuntu ni ukubangamira ubwikorezi bwa ogisijeni mu mubiri cyangwa imikorere yo kwinjiza ogisijeni, bigatera hypoxia tissue hamwe n'ibimenyetso n'ibimenyetso bya hypoxia. Ibimenyetso byuburozi bukabije bwa karubone ni: kubabara umutwe, kuzunguruka, isesemi, kuruka, intege nke muri rusange, intege nke mumaguru, ndetse no kumva ucitse intege. Niba uhise uva aho hantu ugahumeka umwuka mwiza, ibimenyetso bizashira vuba. Mu bihe bikomeye cyane, usibye kwiyongera kw'ibimenyetso byavuzwe haruguru, umuvuduko w'impiswi uriyongera, umuntu ntashobora kwimuka, yinjira muri koma, ndetse ashobora no kugorana ibimenyetso nk'ubwonko bwo mu bwonko, indwara yo mu bihaha, kwangirika kwa myocardial, hamwe n'injyana y'umutima. imvururu. Monoxide ya karubone mugihe cyo gusudira igira ingaruka zidakira kumubiri wumuntu. Guhumeka igihe kirekire birashobora gutera neurasthenie nko kubabara umutwe, kuzunguruka, kumera neza, intege nke zingingo, guta ibiro, no kutamererwa neza muri rusange.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-22-2024
