1. Incamake y'ibyuma bya kirogenike
1. gukumira ibibaho no kwaguka kuvunika kuvunika ku bushyuhe buke nicyo kintu cyingenzi. Kubwibyo, ibihugu mubisanzwe byerekana ingaruka zikomeye ubukana bwubushyuhe bwo hasi.
) byakozwe mugihe cyo gushonga. Ibintu nka manganese na nikel birashobora kuzamura ubushyuhe buke. Kuri buri 1% kwiyongera kwa nikel, ubushyuhe bwinzibacyuho bworoshye burashobora kugabanuka nka 20 ° C.
3) Uburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe bugira uruhare rukomeye muburyo bwa metallografiya nubunini bwingano bwibyuma byo hasi yubushyuhe, nabyo bigira ingaruka kubushyuhe buke bwicyuma. Nyuma yo kuzimya no kuvura ubushyuhe, ubukonje buke bugaragara neza.
4) Ukurikije uburyo butandukanye bwo gukora ubushyuhe, ibyuma byo hasi yubushyuhe birashobora kugabanywamo ibyuma bikozwe mubyuma. Ukurikije itandukaniro ryimiterere nuburyo bwa metallografiya, ibyuma byubushyuhe buke birashobora kugabanywamo: ibyuma bito bito, ibyuma bya nikel 6%, ibyuma bya nikel 9%, chromium-manganese cyangwa chromium-manganese-nikel austenitis ibyuma na chromium-nikel austenitike ibyuma bitagira umwanda rindira. Icyuma gike cyane gikoreshwa mubushuhe bwa dogere -100 ° C mugukora ibikoresho bya firigo, ibikoresho byo gutwara abantu, ibyumba byo kubikamo vinyl nibikoresho bya peteroli. Muri Amerika, Ubwongereza, Ubuyapani ndetse no mu bindi bihugu, icyuma cya nikel 9% gikoreshwa cyane mu bushyuhe bwo hasi kuri 196 ° C, nk'ibigega byo kubikamo no gutwara biyogazi na metani, ibikoresho byo kubika ogisijeni y’amazi , no gukora ogisijeni y'amazi na azote yuzuye. Ibyuma bya Austenitike bidafite ibyuma nibintu byiza cyane byubushyuhe bwo hasi. Ifite ubushyuhe buke bwo hasi, imikorere myiza yo gusudira, hamwe nubushyuhe buke. Ikoreshwa cyane mumirima yubushyuhe buke, nka tanker zitwara abantu n'ibigega byo kubika hydrogène y'amazi na ogisijeni y'amazi. Ariko, kubera ko irimo chromium na nikel nyinshi, bihenze cyane.
2. Incamake yubwubatsi buke bwo gusudira
Iyo uhisemo uburyo bwo gusudira uburyo bwo kubaka no kubaka ibyuma byubushyuhe buke, icyibandwaho nikibazo ni ibintu bibiri bikurikira: gukumira kwangirika kwubushyuhe buke bwubushyuhe bwo gufatanya gusudira no gukumira ko habaho gusudira.
1) Gutunganya Bevel
Imiterere ya groove yubushyuhe buke bwo gusudira hamwe ntago itandukanye muburyo bwicyuma gisanzwe cya karubone, ibyuma bito bito cyangwa ibyuma bidafite ingese, kandi birashobora gufatwa nkibisanzwe. Ariko kuri 9Ni Agatsiko, inguni yo gufungura ya groove nibyiza ntabwo iri munsi ya dogere 70, kandi impande zombi ntizishobora kuba munsi ya 3mm.
Ibyuma byose byo hasi yubushyuhe birashobora gucibwa hamwe na feri ya oxyacetylene. Ni uko umuvuduko wo gukata utinda gato iyo gaze ikata 9Ni ibyuma kuruta iyo gaze ikata ibyuma bisanzwe byubaka. Niba umubyimba wibyuma urenze 100mm, inkombe yo gukata irashobora gushyuha kugeza kuri 150-200 ° C mbere yo gukata gaze, ariko ntibirenza 200 ° C.
Gukata gaze nta ngaruka mbi bigira ku turere twatewe n'ubushyuhe bwo gusudira. Ariko, kubera imitungo yo kwikomeretsa ya nikel irimo ibyuma, ubuso bwaciwe buzakomera. Kugirango umenye neza imikorere ishimishije yo gusudira, nibyiza gukoresha uruziga rwo gusya kugirango usya hejuru yubutaka bwaciwe mbere yo gusudira.
Arc gouging irashobora gukoreshwa mugihe isaro yo gusudira cyangwa ibyuma fatizo bigomba kuvaho mugihe cyo gusudira. Nyamara, ubuso bwikibanza bugomba gukomeza kuba umucanga mbere yo kongera gusaba.
Oxyacetylene flame gouging ntigomba gukoreshwa kubera akaga ko gushyushya ibyuma.
2) Guhitamo uburyo bwo gusudira
Uburyo busanzwe bwo gusudira buboneka kubushyuhe buke burimo gusudira arc, gusudira arc kurengerwa, hamwe na elegitoronike ya elegitoronike argon arc gusudira.
Gusudira kwa Arc nuburyo bukoreshwa cyane bwo gusudira kubushyuhe buke, kandi burashobora gusudira mumwanya utandukanye wo gusudira. Ubushyuhe bwo gusudira bwinjiza ni 18-30KJ / cm. Niba electrode yo mu bwoko bwa hydrogène ikoreshwa, hashobora kuboneka ingero zuzuye zuzuye. Ntabwo imiterere yubukanishi ari nziza gusa, ariko gukomera ntago ari byiza rwose. Mubyongeyeho, imashini yo gusudira arc iroroshye kandi ihendutse, kandi gushora ibikoresho ni bito, kandi ntabwo bigira ingaruka kumwanya hamwe nicyerekezo. ibyiza nko kugarukira.
Ubushyuhe bwinjiza arc gusudira gusudira ibyuma byubushyuhe buke ni 10-22KJ / cm. Kubera ibikoresho byayo byoroshye, gusudira cyane no gukora neza, birakoreshwa cyane. Ariko, kubera ingaruka ziterwa nubushyuhe bwa flux, igipimo cyo gukonjesha kizagabanuka, bityo rero hakaba hari imyumvire myinshi yo kubyara ibice bishyushye. Byongeye kandi, umwanda na Si birashobora kwinjira mubyuma byasudutse biva muri flux, bizarushaho gutera inkunga iyi myumvire. Kubwibyo, Mugihe ukoresheje gusudira arc gusudira, witondere guhitamo insinga zo gusudira na flux hanyuma ukore witonze.
Ihuriro risudira na gaze ya CO2 ikingira gusudira rifite ubukana buke, ntabwo rero rikoreshwa mubudodo bwubushyuhe buke.
Tungsten argon arc welding (TIG welding) ikorwa nintoki, kandi ubushyuhe bwayo bwo gusudira bugarukira kuri 9-15KJ / cm. Kubwibyo, nubwo ingingo zisudira zifite ibintu bishimishije rwose, ntibikwiye rwose mugihe uburebure bwibyuma burenze 12mm.
MIG gusudira nuburyo bukoreshwa cyane mu buryo bwikora cyangwa igice cyikora cyo gusudira mu bushyuhe buke bwo gusudira. Ubushyuhe bwo gusudira bwinjiza ni 23-40KJ / cm. Ukurikije uburyo bwo kohereza ibitonyanga, birashobora kugabanywamo ubwoko butatu: uburyo bwo kohereza imiyoboro ngufi (kwinjiza ubushyuhe buke), uburyo bwo kohereza indege (kwinjiza ubushyuhe bwinshi) hamwe nuburyo bwo kohereza impanuka (kwinjiza ubushyuhe bwinshi). Inzibacyuho ngufi-MIG gusudira bifite ikibazo cyo kwinjira bidahagije, kandi inenge yo guhuza nabi irashobora kubaho. Ibibazo nkibi bibaho nibindi MIG fluxes, ariko kurwego rutandukanye. Kugirango arc irusheho kwibanda kugirango igere ku buryo bushimishije, ibice byinshi ku ijana kugeza ku icumi ku ijana bya CO2 cyangwa O2 birashobora kwinjizwa muri argon yera nka gaze ikingira. Ijanisha rikwiye rigenwa no kugerageza ibyuma runaka byo gusudira.
3) Guhitamo ibikoresho byo gusudira
Ibikoresho byo gusudira (harimo inkoni yo gusudira, insinga zo gusudira na flux, nibindi) bigomba kuba bishingiye kuburyo bwo gusudira bwakoreshejwe. Ifishi ihuriweho hamwe na groove imiterere nibindi biranga guhitamo. Kubyuma byubushyuhe buke, ikintu cyingenzi ugomba kwitondera nukugirango icyuma gisudira gifite ubukana bwubushyuhe buke bihagije kugirango bihuze nicyuma fatizo, kandi bigabanye ibirimo hydrogène ikwirakwizwa muri yo.
Gusudira kwa Xinfa bifite ireme ryiza kandi biramba, kubisobanuro birambuye, nyamuneka reba:https://www.xinfatools.com/ gusudira-gukata/
(1) Ibyuma bya Aluminiyumu
Aluminium deoxidised ibyuma nicyiciro cyicyuma cyunvikana cyane ningaruka zo gukonja nyuma yo gusudira. Byinshi muri electrode ikoreshwa mugukoresha intoki arc gusudira ibyuma bya aluminium deoxidiside ni Si-Mn electrode ya hydrogène nkeya cyangwa 1.5% Ni na 2.0% Ni electrode.
Kugirango ugabanye ubushyuhe bwo gusudira, ibyuma bya aluminium deoxidiside muri rusange bifata gusa gusudira ibice byinshi hamwe na electrode yoroheje ya ≤ ¢ 3 ~ 3.2mm, kugirango ubushyuhe bwa kabiri bwubushyuhe bwo murwego rwo hejuru rwa weld bushobora gukoreshwa mu gutunganya ibinyampeke.
Ingaruka zikomeye zicyuma cyasuditswe hamwe na electrode ya Si-Mn izagabanuka cyane kuri 50 ℃ hamwe no kongera ubushyuhe bwinjira. Kurugero, mugihe ubushyuhe bwiyongereye kuva kuri 18KJ / cm kugeza 30KJ / cm, ubukana buzatakaza hejuru ya 60%. 1.5% Ni urukurikirane na 2,5% Ni urukurikirane rwo gusudira electrode ntabwo yunvikana cyane kuribi, nibyiza rero guhitamo ubu bwoko bwa electrode yo gusudira.
Kuzenguruka arc gusudira nuburyo bukoreshwa muburyo bwo gusudira bwikora bwa aluminium deoxidized ibyuma. Umugozi wo gusudira ukoreshwa mu gusudira arc yarengerwa nibyiza ni ubwoko burimo nikel 1.5 ~ 3.5% na molybdenum 0.5 ~ 1.0%.
Ukurikije ubuvanganzo, hamwe na 2,5% Ni - 0.8% Cr - 0.5% Mo cyangwa 2% Ni insinga yo gusudira, ihujwe n’amazi akwiye, impuzandengo ya Charpy ubukana bw’icyuma gisudira kuri -55 ° C irashobora kugera kuri 56-70J (5.7 ~ 7.1Kgf.m). Ndetse mugihe 0.5% Mo welding wire na manganese alloy flux yibanze ikoreshwa, mugihe cyose ubushyuhe bwinjira bugenzurwa munsi ya 26KJ / cm, icyuma gisudira hamwe na ν∑-55 = 55J (5.6Kgf.m) kirashobora gukorwa.
Mugihe uhitamo flux, hagomba kwitonderwa guhuza Si na Mn mubyuma. Ikizamini. Ibintu bitandukanye bya Si na Mn mubyuma byo gusudira bizahindura cyane agaciro ka Charpy gukomera. Ibiri muri Si na Mn bifite agaciro gakomeye ni 0.1 ~ 0.2% Si na 0.7 ~ 1.1% Mn. Mugihe uhitamo insinga zo gusudira kandi Menya ibi mugihe ugurisha.
Tungsten argon arc gusudira hamwe nicyuma cya argon arc gusudira ntibikoreshwa cyane mubyuma bya aluminiyumu. Insinga zo gusudira zavuzwe haruguru zo gusudira arc zarohamye nazo zirashobora gukoreshwa mugusudira arcon arc.
(2) 2.5Ni ibyuma na 3.5Ni
Kuzenguruka arc gusudira cyangwa gusudira MIG ibyuma 2.5Ni nicyuma cya 3.5Ni birashobora gusudira hamwe ninsinga imwe yo gusudira nkibikoresho fatizo. Ariko nkuko formulaire ya Wilkinson (5) ibigaragaza, Mn nikintu gishyushye cyangiza inhibitor ya nikel nkeya yubushyuhe buke. Kugumana ibintu bya manganese mubyuma byasudutse hafi 1,2% ni byiza cyane kugirango wirinde ibice bishyushye nka arc crater. Ibi bigomba kwitabwaho muguhitamo guhuza insinga zo gusudira na flux.
3.5Icyuma gikunda guhindagurika no gushiramo, bityo nyuma yo kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma yo gusudira (urugero, 620 ° C × isaha 1, hanyuma gukonjesha itanura) kugirango bikureho imihangayiko isigaye, ν∑-100 izagabanuka cyane kuva kuri 3.8 Kgf.m kugeza 2.1Kgf.m ntishobora kongera kuzuza ibisabwa. Icyuma cyo gusudira cyakozwe no gusudira hamwe na 4.5% Ni-0.2% Mo seri yo gusudira ifite insinga ntoya yo kwishongora. Gukoresha insinga yo gusudira birashobora kwirinda ingorane zavuzwe haruguru.
(3) 9Ni ibyuma
9Ni ibyuma mubisanzwe ni ubushyuhe buvurwa no kuzimya no gutwarwa cyangwa inshuro ebyiri zisanzwe hamwe nubushyuhe kugirango bigabanye ubushyuhe buke. Ariko icyuma gisudira cyicyuma ntigishobora gushyuha nkuko byavuzwe haruguru. Kubwibyo, biragoye kubona icyuma gisudira hamwe nubushyuhe buke bugereranywa nicyuma fatizo niba hakoreshejwe ibikoresho byo gusudira bishingiye ku byuma. Kugeza ubu, ibikoresho byo gusudira-nikel ndende bikoreshwa cyane. Abasudira babitswe nibikoresho nkibi byo gusudira bizaba austenitis rwose. Nubwo ifite ibibi byimbaraga nke ugereranije nibikoresho 9Ni byuma fatizo nibiciro bihenze cyane, kuvunika kuvunika ntibikiri ikibazo gikomeye kuri yo.
Duhereye ku bimaze kuvugwa haruguru, birashobora kumenyekana ko kubera ko icyuma gisudira ari austenitike rwose, ubukonje buke bwicyuma cyo gusudira gikoreshwa mu gusudira hamwe na electrode ninsinga biragereranywa rwose nicyuma cyibanze, ariko imbaraga zingutu hamwe n’umusaruro ni munsi yicyuma fatizo. Ibyuma birimo Nickel birikomeretsa, bityo electrode ninsinga nyinshi byitondera kugabanya ibirimo karubone kugirango bigerweho neza.
Mo ni ikintu gikomeye gishimangira ibikoresho byo gusudira, mugihe Nb, Ta, Ti na W ari ibintu bikomeye byo gukomera, byitabweho byimazeyo muguhitamo ibikoresho byo gusudira.
Iyo insinga imwe yo gusudira ikoreshwa mugusudira, imbaraga nubukomezi bwicyuma cyo gusudira cyo gusudira arc cyarohamye kiba kibi kuruta icya MIG cyo gusudira, gishobora guterwa no gutinda kw'igipimo cyo gukonjesha no gushobora kwanduza umwanda cyangwa Si Kuva kuri flux ya.
3. A333-GR6 ubushyuhe buke bwo gusudira imiyoboro yo gusudira
1) Isesengura ryo gusudira rya A333-GR6 ibyuma
Ibyuma bya A333 - GR6 nibyuma byubushyuhe buke, ubushyuhe bwa serivisi ntarengwa ni -70 and, kandi mubisanzwe bitangwa mubisanzwe cyangwa bisanzwe kandi byifashe neza. Ibyuma bya A333-GR6 bifite karubone nkeya, kubwibyo gukomera no gukonja bikonje ni bito, ibikoresho bifite ubukana bwiza na plastike, mubisanzwe ntabwo byoroshye kubyara inenge zikomeye kandi zisenyuka, kandi bifite gusudira neza. ER80S-Ni1 argon arc gusudira insinga irashobora gukoreshwa Hamwe na electrode ya W707Ni, koresha gusudira kwa argon-amashanyarazi, cyangwa gukoresha insinga yo gusudira ya ER80S-Ni1 argon, hanyuma ukoreshe gusudira arc yuzuye kugirango ushake gukomera kwingingo zasuditswe. Ikirango cya argon arc gusudira insinga na electrode birashobora kandi guhitamo ibicuruzwa bifite imikorere imwe, ariko birashobora gukoreshwa gusa byemejwe na nyirabyo.
2) Uburyo bwo gusudira
Kuburyo burambuye bwo gusudira, nyamuneka reba igitabo cyerekana amabwiriza yo gusudira cyangwa WPS. Mugihe cyo gusudira, I-Ubwoko buto hamwe hamwe na argon arc gusudira byemewe gukoreshwa kumiyoboro ifite diameter iri munsi ya 76.2 mm; ku miyoboro ifite diameter irenga mm 76.2, hakozwe imiyoboro ya V-V, kandi uburyo bwo guhuza argon-amashanyarazi yo gusudira hamwe na argon arc priming hamwe no kuzuza ibice byinshi birakoreshwa cyangwa Uburyo bwo gusudira arcon yuzuye. Uburyo bwihariye nuguhitamo uburyo bwo gusudira bujyanye ukurikije itandukaniro rya diameter ya pipe nuburebure bwurukuta rwumuyoboro muri WPS byemejwe na nyirabyo.
3) Uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe
(1) Gushyushya mbere yo gusudira
Iyo ubushyuhe bwibidukikije buri munsi ya 5 ° C, gusudira bigomba gushyuha, naho ubushyuhe bwo gushyuha ni 100-150 ° C; intera ishushe ni mm 100 kumpande zombi za weld; ashyutswe n'umuriro wa oxyacetylene (flame idafite aho ibogamiye), n'ubushyuhe bupimwa Ikaramu ipima ubushyuhe buri hagati ya mm 50-100 uvuye hagati ya weld, kandi ingingo zapima ubushyuhe zirakwirakwizwa kugirango hagenzurwe neza ubushyuhe .
(2) Kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma yo gusudira
Kugirango tunonosore ubukana bwicyuma cyo hasi yubushyuhe, ibikoresho byakoreshejwe muri rusange byazimye kandi birashyuha. Kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma ya weld akenshi byangiza imikorere yubushyuhe buke, bigomba kwitabwaho bihagije. Kubwibyo, usibye imiterere yubunini bunini bwo gusudira cyangwa ibintu bikabije byo gukumira, kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma yo gusudira ntibisanzwe bikorwa mubyuma byo hasi. Kurugero, gusudira imiyoboro mishya ya LPG muri CSPC ntibisaba kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma yo gusudira. Niba koko ubushyuhe bwa post-weld busabwa mubikorwa bimwe na bimwe, igipimo cyo gushyushya, igihe cyubushyuhe burigihe hamwe nigipimo cyo gukonjesha cyo kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma yo gusudira bigomba kuba bikurikije amategeko akurikira:
Iyo ubushyuhe buzamutse hejuru ya 400 ℃, igipimo cyo gushyuha ntigishobora kurenga 205 × 25 / δ ℃ / h, kandi ntigomba kurenga 330 ℃ / h. Time Igihe cy'ubushyuhe gihoraho kigomba kuba isaha 1 kuri 25 mm z'ubugari, kandi ntibiri munsi yiminota 15. Mugihe cyubushyuhe burigihe, itandukaniro ryubushyuhe hagati yubushyuhe bwo hejuru nubushyuhe bwo hasi bugomba kuba munsi ya 65 ℃.
Nyuma yubushyuhe buhoraho, igipimo cyo gukonjesha ntigomba kurenza 65 × 25 / δ ℃ / h, kandi ntigomba kurenza 260 ℃ / h. Gukonjesha bisanzwe biremewe munsi ya 400 ℃. Ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa TS-1 bigenzurwa na mudasobwa.
4) Kwirinda
(1) Shyushya cyane ukurikije amabwiriza, kandi ugenzure ubushyuhe bwimbere, kandi ubushyuhe bwimikorere bugenzurwa kuri 100-200 ℃. Buri kashe yo gusudira igomba gusudira icyarimwe, kandi iyo ihagaritswe, hazafatwa ingamba zo gukonjesha buhoro.
(2) Ubuso bwo gusudira burabujijwe rwose gushushanya na arc. Ikibanza cya arc kigomba kuzuzwa kandi inenge zigomba kuba hasi hamwe nuruziga rusya mugihe arc ifunze. Ihuriro riri hagati yimirongo myinshi yo gusudira igomba guhindagurika.
. Uburebure bwo gusudira bwa buri W707Ni electrode ifite diameter ya mm 3,2 igomba kuba irenze cm 8.
(4) Uburyo bwimikorere ya arc ngufi kandi nta swing igomba kwemerwa.
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(6) Gushimangira gusudira ni 0 ~ 2mm, n'ubugari bwa buri ruhande rwa weld ni ≤ 2mm.
(7) Ikizamini kidasenya gishobora gukorwa byibura amasaha 24 nyuma yo kugenzura weld yujuje ibyangombwa. Imiyoboro yo gusudira imiyoboro igomba gukurikiza JB 4730-94.
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(9) Gusana gusudira bigomba gukorwa mbere yo kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma yo gusudira. Niba gusana ari ngombwa nyuma yo kuvura ubushyuhe, gusudira bigomba kongera gushyuha nyuma yo gusanwa.
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(11) Kubisanzwe muri rusange byo gusudira, biremewe gusanwa bibiri biremewe. Niba gusana byombi bitarujuje ibyangombwa, gusudira bigomba gucibwa no kongera gusudira ukurikije inzira yo gusudira yuzuye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-21-2023
