Guhangayikishwa n'ibisigisigi biterwa no gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe butaringaniye bwo gusudira biterwa no gusudira, kwaguka k'ubushyuhe no kugabanuka kw'icyuma gisudira, n'ibindi, bityo guhangayika gusigara byanze bikunze bizabyara mugihe cyo kubaka gusudira. Uburyo busanzwe bwo gukuraho imihangayiko isigaye ni ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, ni ukuvuga ko gusudira bishyirwa mu itanura ryo kuvura ubushyuhe hanyuma bigashyuha ku bushyuhe runaka kandi bigakomeza gushyuha mugihe runaka. Umusaruro ntarengwa wibikoresho ugabanuka ku bushyuhe bwinshi, ku buryo imigendekere ya pulasitike iba ahantu hamwe n’umuvuduko mwinshi w'imbere, ihindagurika rya elastike rigabanuka buhoro buhoro, kandi guhindura plastike bigenda byiyongera buhoro buhoro kugirango bigabanye imihangayiko.
01 Guhitamo uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe
Ingaruka zo kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma yo gusudira ku mbaraga zingana no kugabanuka kwicyuma kijyanye nubushyuhe no gufata igihe cyo kuvura ubushyuhe. Ingaruka zo kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma yo gusudira ku ngaruka zikomeye zicyuma gisudira ziratandukanye nubwoko butandukanye bwibyuma. Ubushyuhe bwa nyuma yo gusudira muri rusange bukoresha ubushyuhe bumwe bwo hejuru cyangwa ubushyuhe busanzwe wongeyeho ubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Ubusanzwe hiyongereyeho ubushyuhe bwo hejuru ubushyuhe bwo kuvura bukoreshwa mugusudira gasi. Ni ukubera ko ibinyampeke byo gusudira gaze hamwe na zone yibasiwe nubushyuhe ari buke kandi bigomba gutunganywa, bityo imiti isanzwe ikoreshwa. Nyamara, kimwe mubisanzwe ntigishobora gukuraho imihangayiko isigaye, bityo ubushyuhe bwo hejuru burakenewe kugirango ukureho imihangayiko. Ubushyuhe bwo hagati yubushyuhe buringaniye burakwiriye gusa gusudira guteranya ibintu binini bisanzwe bisanzwe bya karuboni nkeya byateranirijwe kurubuga, kandi intego yabyo ni ukurandura burundu imihangayiko isigaye hamwe na dehydrogenation. Mu bihe byinshi, ubushyuhe bumwe bwo hejuru burakoreshwa. Gushyushya no gukonjesha kuvura ubushyuhe ntibigomba kwihuta cyane, kandi inkuta zimbere ninyuma zigomba kuba zimwe.
02 Uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe bukoreshwa mu mitsi
Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwuburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe bukoreshwa mu miyoboro y’umuvuduko: bumwe ni uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe kugirango butezimbere imashini; ikindi ni nyuma yo gusudira ubushyuhe (PWHT). Mu buryo bwagutse, kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma yo gusudira ni uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe bwahantu ho gusudira cyangwa ibice byasuditswe nyuma yakazi ko gusudira. Ibirimo byihariye birimo kugabanya imihangayiko annealing, annealing yuzuye, igisubizo, gisanzwe, gisanzwe nubushyuhe, ubushyuhe, kugabanya ubushyuhe buke, kugabanya ubushyuhe bwimvura, nibindi. Muri make, kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma yubushuhe bivuga gusa kugabanya ububabare, ni ukuvuga, kugirango tunoze imikorere yikibanza cyo gusudira no gukuraho ingaruka mbi nko gusudira ibisigazwa bisigaye, aho gusudira hamwe nibice bifitanye isano birashyuha kandi byuzuye bishyushye munsi yicyuma cyo guhindura ubushyuhe bwa point point 2, hanyuma bikonjeshwa kimwe. Kenshi na kenshi, kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma yo gusudira byaganiriweho ni uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma ya weld.
03 Intego yo kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma ya weld
1. Humura gusudira guhangayitse.
2. Hindura imiterere nubunini bwimiterere kandi ugabanye kugoreka.
3. Kunoza imikorere yibikoresho byababyeyi hamwe no gusudira, harimo: a. Kunoza plastike yicyuma gisudira. b. Mugabanye ubukana bwa zone yibasiwe nubushyuhe. c. Kunoza gukomera kuvunika. d. Ongera imbaraga z'umunaniro. e. Kugarura cyangwa kunoza imbaraga z'umusaruro wagabanutse mugihe gikonje.
4. Kunoza ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ruswa.
5. Kurekura imyuka yangiza mubyuma byasudutse, cyane cyane hydrogène, kugirango wirinde ko habaho gutinda gutinze.
04Urubanza rwo gukenera PWHT
Niba icyombo cyumuvuduko gikeneye kuvurwa nyuma yubushuhe bugomba gusobanurwa neza mubishushanyo mbonera, kandi ibyashizweho byerekana umuvuduko wubwato bifite ibisabwa kuri ibi.
Kubikoresho byumuvuduko wogusudira, harikibazo kinini gisigaye ahantu ho gusudira, ningaruka mbi ziterwa numusigara. Gusa mubihe bimwe bigaragara. Iyo imihangayiko isigaye ihujwe na hydrogène muri weld, bizateza imbere gukomera kwagace katewe nubushyuhe, bikaviramo kubaho imbeho ikonje no gutinda gutinda.
Iyo imihangayiko ihagaze isigaye muri weld cyangwa imbaraga zingirakamaro mugihe cyo gukora imizigo ihujwe ningaruka zo kwangirika kwikigereranyo, irashobora gutera kwangirika, kwitwa kwangirika. Gusudira ibisigisigi bisigaye hamwe no gukomera kw'ibikoresho fatizo biterwa no gusudira ni ibintu by'ingenzi mu kubyara imvururu zangirika.
Ibikoresho byo gusudira Xinfa bifite ibiranga ubuziranenge kandi buke. Ushaka ibisobanuro birambuye, nyamuneka sura:Abasudira & Gukata Inganda - Ubushinwa bwo gusudira & Gukata Uruganda & Abatanga isoko (xinfatools.com)
Ibisubizo byubushakashatsi byerekana ko ingaruka nyamukuru yo guhindura ibintu no guhangayikishwa cyane n’ibikoresho by’icyuma ari uguhindura icyuma kiva mu kwangirika kimwe kikabora kwangirika kwaho, ni ukuvuga kwangirika hagati y’imihindagurikire y'ikirere. Birumvikana ko kwangirika kwicyuma kumeneka hamwe no kwangirika hagati byombi bibaho mubitangazamakuru bifite ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe biranga icyuma. Imbere yibibazo bisigaye, imiterere yangirika irashobora guhinduka bitewe nuburinganire, ubwinshi hamwe nubushyuhe bwikigereranyo cyangirika, kimwe nibitandukaniro mubigize, imiterere, imiterere yubuso, imiterere yibibazo, nibindi bikoresho fatizo. n'akarere gasudira.
Niba imiyoboro isudira ikenera gukenera ubushyuhe nyuma yo gusudira igomba kugenwa harebwa neza intego, ingano (cyane cyane uburebure bwurukuta), imikorere yibikoresho byakoreshejwe, hamwe nuburyo akazi gakorwa. Kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma yo gusudira bigomba gusuzumwa mubihe byose bikurikira:
1. Imikorere ikaze, nkibikoresho bikikijwe n'inkuta zifite ibyago byo kuvunika gucika ku bushyuhe buke, hamwe nubwato butwara imizigo minini hamwe nindi mitwaro isimburana.
2. Imiyoboro y'ingutu isudutse ifite umubyimba urenze imipaka runaka. Harimo amashyiga, imiyoboro ya peteroli ya peteroli, nibindi, bifite amabwiriza yihariye nibisobanuro.
3. Umuvuduko wumuvuduko ufite urwego ruhanitse.
4. Ibikoresho bikozwe mubyuma bifite imyumvire myinshi yo gukomera.
5. Imiyoboro yumuvuduko ufite ibyago byo guturika kwangirika.
6. Ibindi bikoresho byingutu byerekanwe namabwiriza yihariye, ibisobanuro, n'ibishushanyo.
Mu byuma byogosha ibyuma, imihangayiko isigaye igera kumusaruro ikorerwa mukarere kegereye gusudira. Igisekuru cyiyi stress ijyanye no guhindura imiterere ivanze na austenite. Abashakashatsi benshi bagaragaza ko kugira ngo ukureho imihangayiko isigaye nyuma yo gusudira, ubushyuhe bwa dogere 650 bushobora kugira ingaruka nziza ku miyoboro y’icyuma isudira.
Muri icyo gihe, byizerwa ko niba kuvura neza ubushyuhe bidakozwe nyuma yo gusudira, ingingo zidashobora kwangirika zidashobora kuboneka.
Muri rusange abantu bemeza ko kuvura ubushyuhe bwo kugabanya ubushyuhe ari inzira aho igihangano gisudira gishyuha kugeza kuri dogere 500-650 hanyuma kigakonja buhoro. Kugabanya imihangayiko biterwa no kunyerera hejuru yubushyuhe bwinshi, butangirira kuri dogere 450 mubyuma bya karubone na dogere 550 mubyuma birimo molybdenum.
Ubushyuhe buri hejuru, niko byoroshye gukuraho imihangayiko. Ariko, ubushyuhe bwumwimerere bwicyuma burenze, imbaraga zicyuma zizagabanuka. Kubwibyo, kuvura ubushyuhe bwo kugabanya ibibazo bigomba kumenya ibintu bibiri byubushyuhe nigihe, kandi ntanubwo ari ngombwa.
Ariko, mumaganya yimbere yo gusudira, guhangayika cyane hamwe no guhagarika umutima bihora biherekejwe, kandi guhangayika no guhindura ibintu byoroshye bibaho icyarimwe. Iyo ubushyuhe bwibyuma buzamutse, imbaraga zumusaruro ziragabanuka, kandi ihinduka ryambere rya elastique rizahinduka ihindagurika rya plastike, aribyo kuruhura imihangayiko.
Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwo gushyushya, niko byuzuye imihangayiko yimbere ikurwaho. Ariko, mugihe ubushyuhe buri hejuru cyane, hejuru yicyuma hazaba okiside cyane. Byongeye kandi, kubushyuhe bwa PWHT bwicyuma cyazimye kandi gifite ubushyuhe, ihame ntirigomba kurenza ubushyuhe bwambere bwubushyuhe bwicyuma, ubusanzwe buri munsi ya dogere 30 munsi yubushyuhe bwambere bwicyuma, bitabaye ibyo ibikoresho bizabura kuzimya kandi ingaruka zo gutuza, n'imbaraga no kuvunika gukomera bizagabanuka. Iyi ngingo igomba kwitabwaho cyane kubakozi bashinzwe kuvura ubushyuhe.
Iyo ubushyuhe bwoherejwe nyuma yubushyuhe bwo gukuraho ubushyuhe bwimbere, niko koroshya urugero rwicyuma. Mubisanzwe, imihangayiko yimbere irashobora gukurwaho no gushyushya ubushyuhe bwa reystallisation yicyuma. Ubushyuhe bwa rerystallisation bufitanye isano cyane nubushyuhe bwo gushonga. Mubisanzwe, ubushyuhe bwo kongera gukora K = 0.4X ubushyuhe bwo gushonga (K). Iyo ubushyuhe bwo kuvura ubushyuhe buringaniye nubushyuhe bwa rerystallisation, niko bigenda neza mugukuraho imihangayiko isigaye.
04 Kuzirikana ingaruka zuzuye za PWHT
Kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma yo gusudira ntabwo ari byiza rwose. Muri rusange, kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma yo gusudira bifasha kugabanya imihangayiko isigaye kandi bikorwa gusa mugihe hari ibisabwa bikomeye kugirango ruswa ibe. Nyamara, ikizamini cyingaruka ziterwa ningero zerekanye ko kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma yo gusudira bitagize uruhare runini mu kunoza ubukana bwicyuma cyabitswe hamwe na zone yibasiwe nubushyuhe, kandi rimwe na rimwe guturika hagati y’imiterere bishobora kugaragara hagati y’ingano ziterwa n’ubushyuhe. akarere.
Byongeye kandi, PWHT yishingira kugabanya imbaraga zumubiri mubushyuhe bwinshi kugirango ikureho imihangayiko. Kubwibyo, mugihe cya PWHT, imiterere irashobora gutakaza gukomera. Kubintu bifata PWHT muri rusange cyangwa igice, ubushobozi bwo gushyigikira gusudira ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru bugomba gutekerezwa mbere yo kuvura ubushyuhe.
Kubwibyo, mugihe usuzumye niba ugomba kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma yo gusudira, ibyiza nibibi byo kuvura ubushyuhe bigomba kugereranwa byimazeyo. Urebye imikorere yimiterere, hari uruhande rutezimbere imikorere nuruhande rugabanya imikorere. Urubanza rushyitse rugomba gufatwa rushingiye kumurimo wibanze wo gusuzuma byimazeyo impande zombi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-04-2024
