Iterambere rya siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga hamwe n’iterambere ry’ubukungu, urugero rwa azote rugenda rwiyongera umunsi ku munsi, kandi rwinjiye mu nganda nyinshi n’ubuzima bwa buri munsi.
Abakora Azote - Abashinwa Uruganda rutunganya azote & abatanga ibicuruzwa (xinfatools.com)
Azote nikintu nyamukuru kigize umwuka, bingana na 78% byumwuka. Azote Elemental N2 ni gaze itagira ibara kandi idafite impumuro mubihe bisanzwe. Ubucucike bwa gaze muri leta isanzwe ni 1.25 g / L. Gushonga ni -210 ℃ naho ingingo itetse ni -196 ℃. Amazi ya azote ni firigo yo hasi (-196 ℃).
Uyu munsi tuzatangiza uburyo bwinshi bwingenzi bwo gukora azote mu gihugu no hanze yacyo.
Hariho uburyo butatu rusange bwo gukora inganda za azote: umusaruro wa kirogenike utandukanya ikirere cya azote, umuvuduko ukabije wa azote, hamwe na nitrogen yo gutandukanya membrane.
Icyambere: Cryogenic ikirere gitandukanya uburyo bwa azote
Cryogenic ikirere gitandukanya azote umusaruro ni uburyo bwa gakondo bwa azote ifite amateka yimyaka hafi mirongo. Ikoresha umwuka nkibikoresho fatizo, ikabigabanya kandi ikayisukura, hanyuma ikoresha guhanahana ubushyuhe kugirango itume umwuka uhumeka. Umwuka w'amazi ahanini ni uruvange rwa ogisijeni y'amazi na azote yuzuye. Ingingo zitandukanye zitetse za ogisijeni y’amazi na azote y’amazi bikoreshwa mu kubitandukanya binyuze mu gutandukanya umwuka w’amazi kugirango ubone azote.
Ibyiza: umusaruro mwinshi wa gaz hamwe nubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa bya azote. Umusemburo wa azote wa Cryogenic ntushobora kubyara azote gusa ahubwo unatanga azote yuzuye, yujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa na azote yuzuye kandi irashobora kubikwa mubigega bibika azote. Iyo habaye umutwaro wa azote mugihe kimwe cyangwa gusana gake ibikoresho byo gutandukanya ikirere, azote yuzuye mumazi yabitswe yinjira muri vaporizer hanyuma igashyuha, hanyuma ikoherezwa mubicuruzwa bya azote kugirango byuzuze icyifuzo cya azote ishami rishinzwe gutunganya. Inzira yo gukora ya azote ya azote (bivuga intera iri hagati yubushyuhe bubiri) muri rusange irenga umwaka 1, bityo umusaruro wa azote ya azote ntusanzwe ufatwa nkigihagararo.
Ibibi: Umusemburo wa azote wa Cryogenic urashobora kubyara azote ifite ubwiza bwa 99 99,999%, ariko ubuziranenge bwa azote bugarukira ku mutwaro wa azote, umubare wa tray, imikorere ya tray hamwe n’ubuziranenge bwa ogisijeni mu kirere cy’amazi, kandi intera ihinduka ni nto cyane. Kubwibyo, kumurongo wibikoresho bitanga umusaruro wa azote ya azote, ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa ni bimwe kandi ntibyoroshye guhinduka. Kubera ko uburyo bwa cryogenic bukorwa mubushyuhe buke cyane, ibikoresho bigomba kugira uburyo bwo gutangira gukonjesha mbere yo gushyirwa mubikorwa bisanzwe. Igihe cyo gutangira, ni ukuvuga, igihe cyo gutangira kwaguka kugeza igihe ubuziranenge bwa azote bugera kubisabwa, mubusanzwe ntabwo buri munsi yamasaha 12; mbere yuko ibikoresho byinjira mu ivugurura, bigomba kugira igihe cyo gushyushya no gukonjesha, muri rusange amasaha 24. Kubwibyo, ibikoresho byo gukora azote ya kirogenike ntibigomba gutangira no guhagarikwa kenshi, kandi nibyiza gukora ubudahwema igihe kirekire.
Byongeye kandi, inzira ya kirogenike iragoye, ifata ahantu hanini, ifite ibikorwa remezo bihanitse, isaba imbaraga zidasanzwe zo kubungabunga, ifite umubare munini wabakoresha, kandi itanga gazi gahoro (amasaha 18 kugeza 24). Irakwiriye kubyara umusaruro munini wa azote.
Icya kabiri: Uburyo bwo Korohereza Adsorption (PSA) Uburyo bwo Gukora Azote
Umuvuduko wa Swing Adsorption (PSA) tekinoroji yo gutandukanya gazi nishami ryingenzi ryikoranabuhanga ritandukanya gaz. Nibisubizo byimbaraga zigihe kirekire zabantu kugirango babone uburyo bworoshye bwo gutandukanya ikirere kuruta uburyo bwa cryogenic.
Mu myaka ya za 70, Isosiyete y'Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro yo mu Budage bw’iburengerazuba yateje imbere amashanyarazi ya karubone, itanga inzira yo gutunganya inganda za PSA zitandukanya ikirere. Mu myaka 30 ishize, iryo koranabuhanga ryateye imbere vuba kandi rirakura. Yabaye umunywanyi ukomeye wo gutandukanya ikirere cya kirogenike mu rwego rwo kubyara azote ntoya.
Umuvuduko ukabije wa adsorption umusaruro wa azote ukoresha umwuka nkibikoresho fatizo hamwe na karubone ya karubone nka adsorbent. Ikoresha ibiranga karubone ya molekile ya karubone ihitamo adsorption ya ogisijeni na azote mu kirere, kandi ikoresha ihame ryumuvuduko ukabije wa adsorption (igitutu adsorption, kugabanya umuvuduko wa desorption hamwe na molekile ya elegitoronike) gutandukanya ogisijeni na azote mubushyuhe bwicyumba kugirango bitange azote.
Ugereranije na kirogenike yo gutandukanya umwuka wa azote, umusaruro wa swing adsorption azote ifite ibyiza byingenzi: gutandukanya adsorption bikorwa mubushyuhe bwicyumba, inzira iroroshye, ibikoresho biroroshye, ikirenge ni gito, biroroshye gutangira no guhagarara, itangira vuba, umusaruro wa gazi urihuta (muri rusange nk'iminota 30), gukoresha ingufu ni bito, igiciro cyo gukora ni gito, urwego rwo gutangiza ni rwinshi, imikorere no kuyitaho biroroshye, gushiraho skid biroroshye, nta shingiro ryihariye irakenewe, ibicuruzwa bya azote birashobora guhinduka murwego runaka, kandi umusaruro wa azote ni 0003000Nm3 / h. Kubwibyo, igitutu swing adsorption umusaruro wa azote urakenewe cyane cyane mubikorwa rimwe na rimwe.
Nyamara, kugeza ubu, abo mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga barashobora kubyara azote gusa ifite ubwiza bwa 99.9% (ni ukuvuga O2≤0.1%) bakoresheje ikoranabuhanga rya azote rya PSA. Ibigo bimwe bishobora kubyara azote 99,99% (O2≤0.01%). Isuku ryinshi irashoboka ukurikije tekinoroji ya azote ya PSA, ariko igiciro cyumusaruro ni kinini kandi abayikoresha ntibashobora kubyemera. Kubwibyo, gukoresha tekinoroji ya azote ya PSA kugirango ubyare azote-isukuye cyane igomba no kongeramo igikoresho cyo kweza nyuma yicyiciro.
Uburyo bwo kweza azote (igipimo cyinganda)
(1) Uburyo bwa hydrogenation deoxygenation.
Mubikorwa bya catalizator, ogisijeni isigaye muri azote ikora hamwe na hydrogène yongeweho kugirango itange amazi, kandi formulaire ya reaction ni: 2H2 + O2 = 2H2O. Noneho, amazi akurwaho na azote ikomeretsa umuvuduko ukabije wa azote, hanyuma azote ifite isuku nyinshi hamwe nibice byingenzi bikurikira iboneka nyuma yo gukama: N2≥99.999%, O2≤5 × 10-6, H2≤1500 × 10-6, H2O≤10.7 × 10-6. Igiciro cy'umusaruro wa azote ni 0.5 0.5 / m3.
(2) Hydrogenation nuburyo bwa deoxygene.
Ubu buryo bugabanijwemo ibyiciro bitatu: icyiciro cya mbere ni hydrogenation na deoxygene, icyiciro cya kabiri ni dehydrogenation, naho icyiciro cya gatatu ni ugukuraho amazi. Azote ifite isuku nyinshi hamwe nibigize bikurikira iraboneka: N2 ≥ 99,999%, O2 ≤ 5 × 10-6, H2 ≤ 5 × 10-6, H2O ≤ 10.7 × 10-6. Igiciro cy'umusaruro wa azote ni 0,6 Yuan / m3.
(3) Uburyo bwa Carbone deoxygene.
Mubikorwa bya catalizike ishigikiwe na karubone (ku bushyuhe runaka), ogisijeni isigaye muri azote isanzwe ikora hamwe na karubone yatanzwe na catalizator ubwayo kugirango itange CO2. Inzira yo kwitwara: C + O2 = CO2. Nyuma yicyiciro cyakurikiyeho cyo gukuraho CO2 na H2O, habonetse azote nziza cyane hamwe nibi bikurikira: N2 ≥ 99.999%, O2 ≤ 5 × 10-6, CO2 ≤ 5 × 10-6, H2O ≤ 10.7 × 10-6. Igiciro cy'umusaruro wa azote ni 0,6 Yuan / m3.
Icya gatatu: Gutandukanya Membrane no gutandukanya ikirere umusaruro wa azote
Gutandukanya Membrane no gutandukanya ikirere umusaruro wa azote nabwo ni ishami rishya rya tekinoroji ya azote itari cryogenic. Nuburyo bushya bwo gukora azote bwateye imbere byihuse mumahanga muri za 1980. Yatejwe imbere kandi ikoreshwa mu Bushinwa mu myaka yashize.
Membrane itandukanya azote ikoresha umwuka nkibikoresho fatizo. Munsi yumuvuduko runaka, ikoresha igipimo gitandukanye cya ogisijeni na azote muri fibre fibre fibre itandukanya ogisijeni na azote kugirango itange azote. Ugereranije nuburyo bubiri bwo gukora azote yavuzwe haruguru, ifite ibiranga imiterere yoroshye yibikoresho, ingano ntoya, nta valve ihinduranya, imikorere yoroshye no kuyitaho, kubyara gaze byihuse (muminota 3), no kwagura ubushobozi bworoshye.
Nyamara, ibibyimba bya fibre byuzuye bifite ibisabwa bikomeye ku isuku yumwuka uhumanye. Ibibyimba bikunda gusaza no gutsindwa, kandi biragoye kubisana. Ibice bishya bigomba gusimburwa.
Gutandukanya azote umusaruro wa azote birakwiriye cyane kubakoresha bato n'abaciriritse bafite ibyangombwa bya azote bisabwa ≤98%, kandi bifite igipimo cyiza cyibiciro muri iki gihe; iyo azote isabwa kuba hejuru ya 98%, iba hejuru ya 30% ugereranije nigitutu cya swing adsorption ibikoresho bya azote byerekana ibintu bimwe. Kubwibyo, iyo azote-isukuye cyane ikozwe muguhuza umusaruro wa azote itandukanya nibikoresho bya azote, ubuziranenge bwa azote muri rusange ni 98%, bizamura igiciro cyumusaruro nigikorwa cyibikoresho byoza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-24-2024
