Nshuti nshuti zo gusudira, ibikorwa byo gusudira amashanyarazi urimo gukora birashobora kuba birimo ibyuma byumwotsi wibyuma, ibyangiza gaze, hamwe nimirasire yumucyo arc mugihe cyakazi cyawe. Ningomba kukumenyesha kubintu bishobora guteza akaga n'ingamba zo gukumira!
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1. Ingaruka z'akazi zo gusudira amashanyarazi
(1) Ingaruka z'umwotsi w'icyuma:
Ibigize imyanda yo gusudira biratandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko bw'inkoni yo gusudira yakoreshejwe. Mugihe cyo gusudira, gusohora arc bitanga ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa 4000 kugeza 6000 ° C. Mugihe cyo gushonga inkoni yo gusudira no gusudira, havamo umwotsi mwinshi, ugizwe ahanini na oxyde de fer, oxyde ya manganese, silika, silikate, nibindi. Ibice byumwotsi byinjira mubikorwa bikora, biroroshye guhumeka mu bihaha.
Guhumeka igihe kirekire birashobora gutera ibibyimba bya fibrous mu bihaha, ibyo bita pneumoconiose ya welder, kandi akenshi bikajyana nibibazo nko kwangiza manganese, fluorose hamwe nicyuma cya fume.
Abarwayi bagaragaza cyane cyane ibimenyetso byubuhumekero nko gukomera mu gatuza, kubabara mu gatuza, guhumeka neza, no gukorora, biherekejwe no kubabara umutwe, intege nke muri rusange nibindi bimenyetso. Imikorere y'ibihaha nayo yangiritse kurwego runaka.
(2) Ingaruka za gaze zangiza:
Mubikorwa byubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe nimirasire ikomeye ya ultraviolet ikorwa na arc yo gusudira, imyuka myinshi yangiza, nka azote ya azote, monoxyde de carbone, ozone, nibindi, bizakorerwa hafi yakarere ka arc.
Iyo umubare munini wa hemoglobine uhujwe na monoxyde de carbone, ogisijeni itakaza amahirwe yo guhuza na hemoglobine, bigatera inzitizi ku bushobozi bw’umubiri bwo gutwara no gukoresha ogisijeni, bigatuma inyama z’abantu zipfa kubera kubura ogisijeni.
(3) Ingaruka z'imirasire ya arc:
Itara rya arc ryakozwe no gusudira ahanini ririmo imirasire yimirasire, urumuri rugaragara nimirasire ya ultraviolet. Muri byo, imirasire ya ultraviolet yangiza umubiri w'umuntu ahanini binyuze mu ngaruka zifotora. Yangiza amaso n'uruhu rwerekanwe, itera keratoconjunctivitis (photoophthalmia) hamwe na biliary erythema y'uruhu.
Ibimenyetso nyamukuru birimo ububabare bw'amaso, kurira, gutukura kw'amaso na spasm. Nyuma yo guhura nimirasire ya ultraviolet, uruhu rushobora kugaragara erythma ikabije kandi ifite imbibi zisobanutse. Mugihe gikomeye, ibisebe, exudate na edema birashobora kugaragara, kimwe no gutwikwa kugaragara.
2. Ingaruka mbi zo gusudira amashanyarazi
1. Abantu bamaze igihe kinini bakora umwuga wo gusudira amashanyarazi bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura pneumoconiose.
2. Imyuka yangiza irashobora guhumeka mugihe cyo kubaga, ibangamira ubuzima bwabantu ndetse nubuzima.
3. Ibikorwa byo gusudira amashanyarazi birashobora gutera byoroshye keratoconjunctivitis (electrophotophthalmia) hamwe na biliary erythema y'uruhu.
3. Kwirinda
(1) Kunoza tekinoroji yo gusudira no kunoza uburyo bwo gusudira nibikoresho
Mugutezimbere tekinoroji yo gusudira, turashobora kugabanya ingaruka mbi kumubiri wumuntu uterwa nigikorwa cyo gusudira. Kubera ko ibyinshi mu byago biterwa no gusudira bifitanye isano nuburinganire bwa electrode, guhitamo electrode idafite uburozi cyangwa uburozi buke nabwo ni imwe mu ngamba zifatika zo kugabanya ingaruka zo gusudira.
(2) Kunoza imiterere yumuyaga mukazi
Uburyo bwo guhumeka bushobora kugabanywamo umwuka uhumeka no guhumeka neza. Imashini ihumeka ishingiye ku gitutu cyatewe nabafana kugirango bahanahana umwuka. Ifite ivumbi ryiza ningaruka zo kwangiza. Kubwibyo, igomba gukoreshwa mugihe cyo gusudira ahantu h'imbere cyangwa hafunzwe hamwe no guhumeka nabi. Ingamba zo guhumeka.
(3) Shimangira ingamba zo kurinda umuntu ku giti cye
Gushimangira kurinda umuntu ku giti cye birashobora gukumira ingaruka ziterwa na gaze yuburozi n ivumbi ryakozwe mugihe cyo gusudira. Abakoresha bagomba gukoresha ibirahuri bikingira, ingabo zo mu maso, masike, gants, imyenda yera ikingira, n'inkweto. Ntibagomba kwambara imyenda migufi cyangwa amaboko azungurutse. Niba ukorera mu kintu gifunze gifite umwuka mubi, bagomba no kwambara imyenda ikingira. Ingofero ikingira hamwe nibikorwa byo gutanga ikirere.
(4) Gushimangira ibikorwa byo kurengera umurimo no kumenyekanisha umurimo
Abakozi bo gusudira bagomba kwigishwa ibijyanye n’umutekano ukenewe ku kazi n’ubumenyi bw’ubuzima kugira ngo barusheho kumenya kwirinda no kugabanya ingaruka z’akazi. Muri icyo gihe, dukwiye kandi gushimangira kugenzura ingaruka ziterwa n’umukungugu aho bakorera hamwe no gusuzuma umubiri kubasudira kugirango tumenye kandi dukemure ibibazo mugihe gikwiye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-19-2023
