Ifarashi nziza ikenera indogobe nziza kandi ikoresha ibikoresho bya CNC bigezweho. Niba ibikoresho bitari byo byakoreshejwe, ntacyo bizaba bimaze! Guhitamo ibikoresho byabikoresho bikwiye bigira ingaruka zikomeye kubuzima bwa serivisi yubuzima, gutunganya neza, gutunganya ubwiza nigiciro cyo gutunganya. Iyi ngingo itanga amakuru yingirakamaro kubyerekeye ubumenyi bwicyuma, kuyakusanya no kuyateza imbere, reka twigire hamwe.
Ibikoresho by'ibikoresho bigomba kugira ibintu by'ibanze
Guhitamo ibikoresho byibikoresho bigira ingaruka zikomeye mubuzima bwibikoresho, gutunganya neza, gutunganya ubwiza nigiciro cyo gutunganya. Ibikoresho bigomba kwihanganira umuvuduko mwinshi, ubushyuhe bwinshi, guterana, ingaruka no kunyeganyega mugihe ukata. Kubwibyo, ibikoresho byibikoresho bigomba kugira ibintu byibanze bikurikira:
(1) Gukomera no kwambara birwanya. Ubukomezi bwibikoresho bigomba kuba hejuru kurenza ubukana bwibikoresho byakazi, mubisanzwe bisabwa kuba hejuru ya 60HRC. Iyo ubukana bwibikoresho bikoresho, niko birwanya kwambara.
(2) Imbaraga no gukomera. Ibikoresho by'ibikoresho bigomba kugira imbaraga nyinshi no gukomera kugirango bihangane n'imbaraga zo guca, ingaruka no kunyeganyega, kandi birinde kuvunika kuvunika no gutemagura igikoresho.
(3) Kurwanya ubushyuhe. Ibikoresho by'ibikoresho bifite ubushyuhe bwiza, birashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, kandi bifite imbaraga zo kurwanya okiside.
(4) Gutunganya imikorere nubukungu. Ibikoresho by'ibikoresho bigomba kugira imikorere myiza yo guhimba, imikorere yo kuvura ubushyuhe, imikorere yo gusudira; gusya imikorere, nibindi, kandi bigomba gukurikirana imikorere-igiciro kinini.
Ubwoko, imitungo, ibiranga, hamwe nibikoresho by ibikoresho
1. Ibikoresho bya diyama
Diamond ni allotrope ya karubone kandi ni ibintu bikomeye biboneka muri kamere. Ibikoresho byo gukata diyama bifite ubukana bwinshi, birwanya kwambara cyane hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwumuriro, kandi bikoreshwa cyane mugutunganya ibyuma bidafite fer hamwe nibikoresho bitari ibyuma. Cyane cyane mukugabanya umuvuduko mwinshi wa aluminium na silicon-aluminium, ibikoresho bya diyama nubwoko nyamukuru bwibikoresho byo gukata bigoye kubisimbuza. Ibikoresho bya diyama bishobora kugera ku mikorere ihanitse, itajegajega, kandi igihe kirekire cyo gukora ni ingenzi kandi ni ibikoresho byingenzi mu gutunganya CNC igezweho.
Ubwoko bwibikoresho bya diyama
Tools Ibikoresho bya diyama bisanzwe: Diyama karemano yakoreshejwe nk'ibikoresho byo guca imyaka amagana. Ibikoresho bisanzwe bya kirisiti ya diyama byahinduwe neza kugirango gukata bikarishye cyane. Gukata radiyo irashobora kugera kuri 0.002 mm, ishobora kugera kuri ultra-thin gukata. Irashobora gutunganya cyane akazi gakomeye neza kandi hasi cyane. Nibikoresho bizwi, byiza kandi bidasubirwaho ibikoresho bya ultra-precision igikoresho.
Tools Ibikoresho byo gukata diyama PCD: Diyama karemano irazimvye. Diyama ikoreshwa cyane mugutema gutunganya ni diyama polycrystalline (PCD). Kuva mu ntangiriro ya za 70, diyama ya polycrystalline (diyama ya Polycrystauine, yitwa PCD blade) yateguwe hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga ry’ubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe n’umuvuduko ukabije w’ikoranabuhanga. Nyuma yo gutsinda, ibikoresho bisanzwe byo gutema diyama byasimbuwe na diyama ya polycrystalline artificiel inshuro nyinshi. Ibikoresho fatizo bya PCD bikungahaye ku masoko, kandi igiciro cyacyo ni gito kugeza kuri kimwe cya cumi cya diyama karemano. Ibikoresho byo gukata PCD ntibishobora kuba hasi kugirango bitange ibikoresho bikarishye cyane. Ubuso bwubuso bwibice byo gutema hamwe nibikorwa byatunganijwe ntabwo ari byiza nkibya diyama karemano. Ntabwo byoroshye gukora ibyuma bya PCD hamwe na chip breakers muruganda. Kubwibyo, PCD irashobora gukoreshwa gusa mugukata neza neza ibyuma bidafite fer na metero, kandi biragoye kugera kubutaka bukabije. Gukata indorerwamo neza.
Tools Ibikoresho byo gukata diyama ya CVD: Kuva mu mpera za za 70 kugeza mu ntangiriro ya za 1980, ikoranabuhanga rya diyama rya CVD ryagaragaye mu Buyapani. Diyama ya CVD bivuga gukoresha imyuka ya chimique (CVD) mugushushanya firime ya diyama kuri materix itandukanye (nka karbide ya sima, ceramika, nibindi). Diyama ya CVD ifite imiterere n'ibiranga diyama isanzwe. Imikorere ya diyama ya CVD yegeranye cyane na diyama isanzwe. Ifite ibyiza bya diyama isanzwe ya kirisiti na diyama ya polycristaline (PCD), kandi ikanesha amakosa yabo kurwego runaka.
Ibiranga ibikoresho bya diyama
Hard Gukomera cyane no kwambara birwanya: Diyama karemano nikintu gikomeye kiboneka muri kamere. Diamond ifite imyambarire myinshi cyane. Iyo utunganya ibikoresho-bikomeye, ubuzima bwibikoresho bya diyama bikubye inshuro 10 kugeza 100 kubikoresho bya karbide, cyangwa inshuro magana.
② Ifite coefficente yo hasi cyane: Coefficient de fraisement hagati ya diyama na metero zimwe na zimwe zidafite ferro iri munsi yibindi bikoresho byo gutema. Coefficient de friction iri hasi, deformasiyo mugihe cyo gutunganya ni nto, kandi imbaraga zo gukata zirashobora kugabanuka.
Eding Gukata impande zikarishye cyane: Gukata igikoresho cya diyama birashobora kuba hasi cyane. Igikoresho gisanzwe cya kirisiti ya diyama irashobora kuba hejuru ya 0.002 ~ 0.008μm, ishobora gukora ultra-thin gukata no gutunganya ultra-precision.
Conduct Ubushyuhe bukabije bwumuriro: Diamond ifite ubushyuhe bwinshi nubushyuhe bwumuriro, bityo guca ubushyuhe biragabanuka byoroshye kandi ubushyuhe bwigice cyo gukata igikoresho kiri hasi.
⑤ Ifite coefficente yo kwaguka yubushyuhe buke: Coefficente yo kwagura ubushyuhe bwa diyama irikubye inshuro nyinshi ugereranije na karbide ya sima, kandi ihinduka ryubunini bwibikoresho biterwa no guca ubushyuhe ni rito cyane, rikaba ari ingenzi cyane muburyo bwo gutunganya neza na ultra-precision ibyo bisaba uburinganire buringaniye.
Gukoresha ibikoresho bya diyama
Ibikoresho bya diyama bikoreshwa cyane mugukata neza no kurambirana ibyuma bidafite fer hamwe nibikoresho bitari ibyuma kumuvuduko mwinshi. Birakwiye gutunganya ibintu bitandukanye bidashobora kwihanganira kwambara, nka fiberglass powder powder metallurgie, ibikoresho bya ceramic, nibindi.; ibyuma bitandukanye birwanya kwambara bidafite ferrous, nka silicon-aluminiyumu itandukanye; no kurangiza gutunganya ibyuma bitandukanye bidafite ferrous.
Ikibi cyibikoresho bya diyama ni uko bifite ubushyuhe buke bwumuriro. Iyo ubushyuhe bwo kugabanya burenze 700 ℃ ~ 800 ℃, bazatakaza burundu ubukana bwabo. Byongeye kandi, ntibikwiriye gukata ibyuma bya fer kuko diyama (karubone) byoroshye gukora hamwe nicyuma mubushyuhe bwinshi. Igikorwa cya Atome gihindura atome ya karubone muburyo bwa grafite, kandi igikoresho cyangiritse byoroshye.
2. Ibikoresho bya Cubic boron nitride
Cubic boron nitride (CBN), ibikoresho bya kabiri bya superhard bihujwe hakoreshejwe uburyo busa n’inganda za diyama, ni iya kabiri nyuma ya diyama mu bijyanye n’ubukomezi n’ubushyuhe bw’umuriro. Ifite ubushyuhe buhebuje kandi irashobora gushyuha kugeza 10,000C mu kirere. Nta okiside ibaho. CBN ifite imiti ihamye cyane yimiti ya ferrous kandi irashobora gukoreshwa cyane mugutunganya ibicuruzwa byibyuma.
Ubwoko bwa cubic boron nitride ibikoresho byo gukata
Cubic boron nitride (CBN) ni ibintu bitabaho muri kamere. Igabanijwemo kristu imwe na polycrystalline, aribyo CBN imwe ya kristu imwe na polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (Polycrystalline cubic Bornnitride, PCBN mugihe gito). CBN ni imwe muri allotropes ya boron nitride (BN) kandi ifite imiterere isa na diyama.
PCBN (polycrystalline cubic boron nitride) nigikoresho cya polycristaline aho ibikoresho byiza bya CBN bicururizwa hamwe binyuze mubice (TiC, TiN, Al, Ti, nibindi) mubushyuhe bwinshi nigitutu. Nubu ni icya kabiri-gikomeye cyane cyoguhindura ibikoresho. Ibikoresho bya diyama, hamwe na diyama, hamwe byitwa ibikoresho bya superhard ibikoresho. PCBN ikoreshwa cyane mugukora ibyuma cyangwa ibindi bikoresho.
Ibikoresho byo gukata PCBN birashobora kugabanywamo ibyuma bikomeye bya PCBN hamwe nibyuma bya PCBN byahujwe na karbide.
PCBN ikomatanya ikozwe mugucumura igice cya PCBN gifite umubyimba wa 0.5 kugeza 1.0mm kuri karbide ya sima ifite imbaraga nubukomere. Imikorere yacyo ikomatanya gukomera hamwe no gukomera no kwambara birwanya. Ikemura ibibazo byimbaraga nke zo kugonda no gusudira bigoye bya CBN.
Properties Ibintu nyamukuru nibiranga nitride ya cubic boron
Nubwo ubukana bwa cubic boron nitride iri munsi gato ya diyama, irarenze cyane kuruta ibindi bikoresho bikomeye. Inyungu idasanzwe ya CBN ni uko ubushyuhe bwayo bwumuriro buri hejuru cyane ya diyama, igera ku bushyuhe buri hejuru ya 1200 ° C (diyama ni 700-800 ° C). Iyindi nyungu idasanzwe ni uko idafite imiti kandi ntigire icyuma kuri 1200-1300 ° C. reaction. Ibikorwa nyamukuru biranga cubic boron nitride nibi bikurikira.
Hard Gukomera cyane no kwambara birwanya: Imiterere ya CBN ya kirisiti isa na diyama, kandi ifite ubukana n'imbaraga bisa na diyama. PCBN irakwiriye cyane cyane gutunganya ibikoresho-bikomeye cyane bishobora kuba hasi mbere, kandi bishobora kubona ubuziranenge bwibikorwa byakazi.
Stability Ubushyuhe bukabije bwumuriro: Kurwanya ubushyuhe bwa CBN birashobora kugera kuri 1400 ~ 1500 ℃, bikubye hafi inshuro 1 kurenza ubushyuhe bwa diyama (700 ~ 800 ℃). Ibikoresho bya PCBN birashobora kugabanya ubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe nicyuma gikomeye ku muvuduko mwinshi inshuro 3 kugeza kuri 5 kurenza ibikoresho bya karbide.
Stabilite nziza ya chimique: Nta mikoreshereze yimiti nibikoresho bishingiye ku byuma bigera kuri 1200-1300 ° C, kandi ntibizambara cyane nka diyama. Muri iki gihe, irashobora gukomeza gukomera kwa karbide ya sima; Ibikoresho bya PCBN birakwiriye gukata ibyuma byazimye Ibice hamwe nicyuma gikonje, birashobora gukoreshwa cyane mugukata byihuse ibyuma.
Conduct Umuyoboro mwiza w'amashanyarazi: Nubwo ubushyuhe bwa CBN budashobora kugendana na diyama, ubushyuhe bwa PCBN mubikoresho bitandukanye ni ubwa kabiri nyuma ya diyama, kandi burenze cyane ibyuma byihuta na karbide ya sima.
⑤ Ifite coefficient yo hasi yo guterana: Coefficient nkeya yo guterana irashobora gutuma kugabanuka kwingufu zo gukata mugihe cyo gutema, kugabanuka kwubushyuhe bwo kugabanuka, no kuzamura ubwiza bwubuso bwakorewe.
Gukoresha ibikoresho bya cubic boron nitride yo gukata
Cubic boron nitride ikwiranye no kurangiza ibikoresho bitandukanye bigoye gutemwa nkibyuma byazimye, ibyuma bikozwe mucyuma, ibivangwa n'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, karbide ya sima, hamwe nibikoresho byo gutera hejuru. Gutunganya neza birashobora kugera kuri IT5 (umwobo ni IT6), kandi agaciro k'ubuso bushobora kuba buto nka Ra1.25 ~ 0.20μm.
Cubic boron nitride ibikoresho ibikoresho bifite ubukana bubi nimbaraga zunama. Kubwibyo, kubic boron nitride ibikoresho byo guhindura ntibikwiriye gukoreshwa muburyo bukabije kumuvuduko muke hamwe nuburemere bukabije; icyarimwe, ntibikwiriye gukata ibikoresho bifite plastike ndende (nka aluminiyumu ya aluminium, umuringa wumuringa, amavuta ashingiye kuri nikel, ibyuma bifite plastike nyinshi, nibindi), kuko guca izi mpande zubatswe bizabaho mugihe ukora hamwe nicyuma, kwangirika hejuru yimashini.
3. ibikoresho by'ibikoresho bya ceramic
Ibikoresho byo gutema Ceramic bifite ibiranga ubukana bwinshi, kwihanganira kwambara neza, kurwanya ubushyuhe bwiza no gutuza imiti, kandi ntibyoroshye guhuza ibyuma. Ibikoresho bya ceramic bigira uruhare runini mugutunganya CNC. Ibikoresho byububiko byahindutse kimwe mubikoresho byingenzi byo gukata byihuse no gutunganya ibikoresho bigoye-imashini. Ibikoresho byo gutema Ceramic bikoreshwa cyane mugukata byihuse, gukata byumye, gukata cyane no gukata ibikoresho bigoye kumashini. Ibikoresho bya ceramic birashobora gutunganya neza ibikoresho bikomeye-ibikoresho ibikoresho gakondo bidashobora gutunganya na gato, bikamenya "guhinduka aho gusya"; umuvuduko mwiza wo guca ibikoresho bya ceramic birashobora kuba hejuru inshuro 2 kugeza 10 kurenza ibikoresho bya karbide, bityo bikazamura cyane kugabanya umusaruro. ; Ibikoresho nyamukuru bikoreshwa mubikoresho byubutaka nibintu byinshi cyane mubutaka bwisi. Kubwibyo, kuzamura no gukoresha ibikoresho byubutaka bifite akamaro kanini mugutezimbere umusaruro, kugabanya ibiciro byo gutunganya, no kuzigama ibyuma byingenzi byingenzi. Bizateza imbere cyane iterambere ryikoranabuhanga ryo guca. iterambere.
Ubwoko bwibikoresho bya ceramic
Ubwoko bwibikoresho byubutaka bushobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bitatu: ubukerarugendo bushingiye kuri alumina, ceramika ishingiye kuri silicon nitride, hamwe na silicon nitride-alumina ishingiye kubutaka. Muri byo, ibikoresho bya alumina na silicon nitride ishingiye ku bikoresho bya ceramic nibikoresho bikoreshwa cyane. Imikorere ya silicon nitride ishingiye kumubumbyi iruta iy'ububumbyi bushingiye kuri alumina.
⑵ Imikorere n'ibiranga ibikoresho byo gutema ceramic
Hard Gukomera cyane no kurwanya kwambara neza: Nubwo ubukana bwibikoresho byo gutema ceramic bitaba hejuru nka PCD na PCBN, birarenze cyane ibya karbide nibikoresho byihuta byuma, bigera kuri 93-95HRA. Ibikoresho byo gutema Ceramic birashobora gutunganya ibikoresho bikomeye-bigoye gutunganya hamwe nibikoresho gakondo byo gutema kandi bikwiriye gukata byihuse no gukata cyane.
Resistance Kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi no kurwanya ubushyuhe bwiza: Ibikoresho byo gutema Ceramic birashobora kugabanya ubushyuhe bwinshi hejuru ya 1200 ° C. Ibikoresho byo gutema Ceramic bifite imiterere yubushyuhe bwo hejuru. A12O3 ibikoresho byo gutema ceramic bifite umwihariko wo kurwanya okiside. Nubwo gukata kuruhande biri mumutuku-ushyushye, birashobora gukoreshwa ubudahwema. Kubwibyo, ibikoresho byubutaka birashobora kugera ku gukama byumye, bityo bikuraho gukenera gukata amazi.
Stable Imiti ihamye yimiti: Ibikoresho byo gutema Ceramic ntabwo byoroshye guhuza ibyuma, kandi birwanya ruswa kandi bifite imiti ihamye, bishobora kugabanya guhuza ibikoresho byo gutema.
Eff Coefficient de fraisement nkeya: Isano iri hagati yibikoresho bya ceramique nicyuma ni nto, kandi coefficient de friction iri hasi, ishobora kugabanya imbaraga zo guca no kugabanya ubushyuhe.
Ives Ibyuma bya Ceramic bifite porogaramu
Ubukorikori ni kimwe mu bikoresho bikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kurangiza byihuse no kurangiza. Ibikoresho byo gutema Ceramic birakwiriye gukata ibyuma bitandukanye (ibyuma bikozwe mucyuma, ibyuma byangiza, ibyuma byoroshye, ibyuma bikonje, ibyuma bikarishye byangirika) hamwe nibikoresho byibyuma (ibyuma byubaka ibyuma bya karubone, ibyuma byubaka ibyuma, ibyuma bikomeye, ibyuma byinshi bya manganese, ibyuma byazimye nibindi), birashobora kandi gukoreshwa mugukata imiringa yumuringa, grafite, plastike yubuhanga nibikoresho byinshi.
Ibikoresho byibikoresho byo gutema ceramic bifite ibibazo byimbaraga nke zunamye hamwe ningaruka mbi zingaruka, bigatuma bidakwiriye kugabanywa kumuvuduko muke no munsi yimitwaro.
4. Ibikoresho bifunze ibikoresho
Ibikoresho byo gukata ni bumwe muburyo bwingenzi bwo kunoza imikorere yibikoresho. Kugaragara kw'ibikoresho bisize byazanye intambwe ikomeye mu guca imikorere yo gukata ibikoresho. Ibikoresho bitwikiriye bisizwe hamwe cyangwa byinshi murwego rwo kwangara hamwe no kwambara neza kumubiri wigikoresho hamwe no gukomera. Ihuza igikoresho matrix hamwe nigitambaro gikomeye, bityo igatezimbere cyane imikorere yibikoresho. Ibikoresho bitwikiriye birashobora kunoza imikorere yo gutunganya, kunoza neza gutunganya neza, kongera ubuzima bwibikoresho, no kugabanya ibiciro byo gutunganya.
Hafi ya 80% yibikoresho byo gutema bikoreshwa mubikoresho bishya bya mashini ya CNC bakoresha ibikoresho bisize. Ibikoresho bitwikiriye bizaba ibikoresho byingenzi byingenzi bitandukanye murwego rwo gutunganya CNC mugihe kizaza.
Ubwoko bwibikoresho bisize
Ukurikije uburyo butandukanye bwo gutwikira, ibikoresho bisize bishobora kugabanywa mubikoresho byoherejwe na chimique (CVD) ibikoresho byashizwe hamwe nibikoresho byoherejwe na PVD). Ibikoresho byo gukata karbide bifunze muri rusange bifashisha uburyo bwo kubika imyuka ya chimique, kandi ubushyuhe bwo kubitsa buri hafi 1000 ° C. Ibikoresho byihuta byihuta byo gukata ibyuma bikoresha uburyo bwo kubika imyuka yumubiri, kandi ubushyuhe bwo kubitsa buri hafi 500 ° C;
Ukurikije ibikoresho bitandukanye byububiko bwibikoresho bisize, ibikoresho bisize birashobora kugabanywamo ibikoresho bikozwe muri karbide, ibikoresho byihuta byuma byuma, hamwe nibikoresho byometse kumibumbano hamwe nibikoresho bya superhard (diyama na cubic boron nitride).
Ukurikije imiterere yibikoresho bitwikiriye, ibikoresho bisize bishobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri, aribyo bikoresho bitwikiriwe "bikomeye" nibikoresho byoroheje. Intego nyamukuru zikurikiranwa n "ibikoresho" bipfundikijwe ni ubukana bwinshi no kwihanganira kwambara Ibyiza byingenzi byingenzi ni ubukana bwinshi no kwihanganira kwambara, mubisanzwe TiC na TiN. Intego ikurikiranwa nibikoresho byoroheje "byoroshye" ni coefficente yo guteranya hasi, izwi kandi nk'ibikoresho byo kwisiga, ibyo guterana hamwe n'ibikoresho byo mu kazi Coefficient iri hasi cyane, hafi 0.1 gusa, ishobora kugabanya gufatana, kugabanya guterana amagambo, no kugabanya gukata imbaraga no kugabanya ubushyuhe.
Ibikoresho byo gukata Nanocoating (Nanoeoating) biherutse gukorwa. Ibikoresho nk'ibi bisizwe birashobora gukoresha uburyo butandukanye bwibikoresho (nk'icyuma / ibyuma, ibyuma / ceramic, ceramic / ceramic, nibindi) kugirango byuzuze ibisabwa bitandukanye nibikorwa. Byakozwe neza nano-coatings birashobora gutuma ibikoresho byibikoresho bigira ibikorwa byiza byo kugabanya ubukana no kurwanya kwambara hamwe no kwisiga amavuta, bigatuma bikenerwa no gukata byihuse.
Ibiranga ibikoresho byo gutema
Performance Imikorere myiza yubukanishi no gukata: Ibikoresho bisize bihuza ibintu byiza byibikoresho fatizo nibikoresho byo gutwikira. Ntibagumana gusa ubukana bwiza nimbaraga nyinshi yibikoresho fatizo, ariko kandi bafite ubukana bwinshi, kwihanganira kwambara cyane hamwe na coefficient ya Friction nkeya. Kubwibyo, kugabanya umuvuduko wibikoresho bisizwe birashobora kwiyongera inshuro zirenze 2 kurenza ibikoresho bidafunze, kandi ibiciro byokurya biremewe. Ubuzima bwibikoresho bisize nabyo buratera imbere.
Vert Guhindura byinshi: Ibikoresho bifunze bifite byinshi bihindura kandi byagura cyane uburyo bwo gutunganya. Igikoresho kimwe gisize gishobora gusimbuza ibikoresho byinshi bidashyizwe hamwe.
Ness Ubunini bwa coating: Mugihe umubyimba wububiko wiyongereye, ubuzima bwigikoresho nabwo buziyongera, ariko mugihe umubyimba wububiko ugeze kwiyuzuzamo, ubuzima bwibikoresho ntibuzongera kwiyongera cyane. Iyo igifuniko ari kinini cyane, bizatera byoroshye gukuramo; mugihe igifuniko ari gito cyane, kwihanganira kwambara bizaba bibi.
Kwisubiraho: Icyuma gipfundikijwe gifite ibyuma bidasubirwaho, ibikoresho bitwikiriye neza, ibisabwa cyane, hamwe nigihe kinini cyo gutwikira.
Ibikoresho byo gutwikira: Ibikoresho bifite ibikoresho bitandukanye byo gutwika bifite imikorere itandukanye yo gukata. Kurugero: mugihe ukata kumuvuduko muke, gutwikira TiC bifite ibyiza; mugihe ukata kumuvuduko mwinshi, TiN irakwiriye.
LicationGukoresha ibikoresho byo gukata
Ibikoresho bitwikiriye bifite ubushobozi bukomeye mubijyanye no gutunganya CNC kandi bizaba ibikoresho byingenzi bitandukanye muburyo bwo gutunganya CNC mugihe kizaza. Ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji ryakoreshejwe mu gusya urusyo, reamers, bits ya drill, ibikoresho byo gutunganya umwobo, ibikoresho bya gare, ibyuma byogosha ibikoresho, kogosha ibikoresho, gukora broach hamwe n’imashini zitandukanye zometseho imashini zerekana ibimenyetso byujuje ibyangombwa bitandukanye byo gutunganya byihuse. Gukenera ibikoresho nkibyuma nicyuma, ibyuma birwanya ubushyuhe hamwe nicyuma kitari ferrous.
5. Ibikoresho bya Carbide
Ibikoresho byo gukata Carbide, cyane cyane ibikoresho byo gukata karbide, nibicuruzwa byambere mubikoresho byo gutunganya CNC. Kuva mu myaka ya za 1980, ubwoko bwibikoresho bitandukanye byuzuzanya kandi byerekana karbide yo gukata cyangwa gushiramo byaguwe muburyo butandukanye. Ibikoresho bitandukanye byo gukata imirima, aho ibikoresho bya karbide byerekana byagutse kuva mubikoresho byoroheje byo guhinduranya hamwe no gusya mu maso kugeza kubisobanuro bitandukanye, bigoye, no gukora imirima yibikoresho.
Ubwoko bwibikoresho byo gukata karbide
Ukurikije ibice nyamukuru bigize imiti, karbide ya sima irashobora kugabanywamo karbide ya tungsten karbide na karubone ya titanium (nitride) (TiC (N)) - ishingiye kuri karbide.
Tungsten karbide ishingiye kuri sima ya karbide ikubiyemo ubwoko butatu: tungsten cobalt (YG), tungsten cobalt titanium (YT), na karbide idasanzwe yongeyeho (YW). Buriwese afite ibyiza bye nibibi. Ibyingenzi byingenzi ni tungsten karbide (WC) na titanium karbide. (TiC), tantalum karbide (TaC), niobium karbide (NbC), nibindi.
Carbide ya Titanium (nitride) ishingiye kuri sima ya karbide ni karbide ya sima hamwe na TiC nkibice byingenzi (bamwe bongeramo izindi karbide cyangwa nitride). Ibyuma bikoreshwa cyane mubyiciro ni Mo na Ni.
ISO (International Organization for Standardization) igabanya gukata karbide mu byiciro bitatu:
Icyiciro K, harimo Kl0 ~ K40, gihwanye nicyiciro cyigihugu cyanjye YG (ibyingenzi ni WC.Co).
Icyiciro P, harimo P01 ~ P50, gihwanye nicyiciro cyigihugu cyanjye YT (igice cyingenzi ni WC.TiC.Co).
Icyiciro M, harimo M10 ~ M40, gihwanye nicyiciro cyigihugu cyanjye YW (igice cyingenzi ni WC-TiC-TaC (NbC) -Co).
Buri cyiciro kigereranya urukurikirane rw'ibivange kuva ku gukomera gukomeye kugeza gukomera hamwe n'umubare uri hagati ya 01 na 50.
Ibiranga imikorere yibikoresho byo gukata karbide
Hard Gukomera cyane: Ibikoresho byo gukata Carbide bikozwe muri karbide ifite ubukana bwinshi hamwe no gushonga (bita icyiciro gikomeye) hamwe nicyuma gihuza ibyuma (bita icyiciro cyo guhuza) binyuze mu ifu ya metallurgie, hamwe nuburemere bwa 89 kugeza 93HRA. , hejuru cyane kuruta ibyuma byihuta. Kuri 5400C, ubukana burashobora kugera kuri 82 ~ 87HRA, ni kimwe nubukomezi bwibyuma byihuta mubushyuhe bwicyumba (83 ~ 86HRA). Agaciro gakomeye ka karbide ya sima ihindagurika hamwe na kamere, ubwinshi, ingano ya karbide hamwe nibiri murwego rwo guhuza ibyuma, kandi muri rusange bigabanuka hamwe no kwiyongera mubiri murwego rwo guhuza ibyuma. Iyo ibice bya binder ari bimwe, ubukana bwa YT alloys burenze ubw'ibisigazwa bya YG, kandi ibivanze byongeweho hamwe na TaC (NbC) bifite ubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyane.
Imbaraga zo kunama no gukomera: Imbaraga zunama za karbide zikoreshwa cyane muri sima iri hagati ya 900 na 1500MPa. Iyo hejuru yicyuma gihuza icyiciro, niko imbaraga zihindagurika. Iyo ibirimo binder ari bimwe, imbaraga zubwoko bwa YG (WC-Co) zivanze zirenze iz'ubwoko bwa YT (WC-TiC-Co), kandi uko TiC yiyongera, imbaraga ziragabanuka. Carbide ya sima ni ibintu byoroshye, kandi ingaruka zabyo mubushyuhe bwicyumba ni 1/30 kugeza 1/8 cyicyuma cyihuta.
⑶ Gukoresha ibikoresho bisanzwe bikata karbide
Amavuta ya YG akoreshwa cyane mugutunganya ibyuma, ibyuma bidafite fer nibikoresho bitari ibyuma. Carbide nziza cyane ya sima (nka YG3X, YG6X) ifite ubukana bwinshi kandi irwanya kwihanganira karbide yo mu bwoko bwa karbide yo mu bwoko bwa cobalt. Irakwiriye gutunganyirizwa ibyuma bidasanzwe bidasanzwe, ibyuma bya austenitike bitagira umuyonga, ibyuma birwanya ubushyuhe, amavuta ya Titanium, umuringa ukomeye hamwe nibikoresho byangiza byangiza, nibindi.
Ibyiza byingenzi byubwoko bwa YT sima ya karbide ni ubukana bwinshi, kurwanya ubushyuhe bwiza, ubukana bwinshi nimbaraga zo kwikuramo ubushyuhe bwinshi kurenza ubwoko bwa YG, hamwe no kurwanya okiside nziza. Kubwibyo, mugihe icyuma gisabwa kugira ubushyuhe bwinshi no kwambara birwanya, hagomba gutoranywa amanota afite TiC yo hejuru. Amavuta ya YT akwiranye no gutunganya ibikoresho bya pulasitike nkibyuma, ariko ntibikwiriye gutunganywa titanium hamwe na silicon-aluminium.
YW alloy ifite imiterere ya YG na YT ivanze, kandi ifite ibintu byiza byuzuye. Irashobora gukoreshwa mugutunganya ibyuma, guta ibyuma hamwe nicyuma kitari ferrous. Niba ibintu bya cobalt biri muri ubu bwoko bwa alloy byiyongereye kuburyo bukwiye, imbaraga zirashobora kuba ndende cyane kandi zirashobora gukoreshwa mugukora imashini zikaze no guhagarika gukata ibikoresho bitandukanye bigoye-kumashini.
6． Ibikoresho byihuta byo gukata ibyuma
Umuvuduko mwinshi wibyuma (HSS) nicyuma kinini-cyuma cyuma cyongeramo ibintu bivangavanze nka W, Mo, Cr, na V. Ibikoresho byihuta byuma byuma bifite imikorere myiza cyane mubijyanye nimbaraga, gukomera no gutunganya. Mubikoresho bigoye byo gukata, cyane cyane bifite imiterere yibyuma nkibikoresho byo gutunganya umwobo, gukata urusyo, ibikoresho byo kumutwe, ibikoresho byo gutobora, ibikoresho byo gutema ibikoresho, nibindi, ibyuma byihuta biracyakoreshwa. gufata umwanya wiganje. Ibyuma byihuta byibyuma byoroshye gukarisha kugirango bitange impande zikarishye.
Ukurikije imikoreshereze itandukanye, ibyuma byihuta birashobora kugabanywamo intego-rusange yibyuma byihuta hamwe nicyuma cyihuta cyane.
Ibikoresho rusange-byihuta ibikoresho byo gukata ibyuma
Intego rusange ibyuma byihuta. Mubisanzwe, irashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri: ibyuma bya tungsten nicyuma cya tungsten-molybdenum. Ubu bwoko bwibyuma byihuta birimo 0.7% kugeza 0.9% (C). Ukurikije ibintu bitandukanye bya tungsten mubyuma, birashobora kugabanywamo ibyuma bya tungsten bifite W birimo 12% cyangwa 18%, ibyuma bya tungsten-molybdenum bifite W birimo 6% cyangwa 8%, nicyuma cya molybdenum gifite W ya 2% cyangwa oya W. Rusange-intego-yihuta yicyuma ifite ubukana runaka (63-66HRC) kandi yambara irwanya imbaraga, imbaraga nyinshi nubukomere, plastike nziza hamwe nikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya, bityo ikoreshwa cyane mugukora ibikoresho bitandukanye bigoye.
Steel Icyuma cya Tungsten: Icyiciro gisanzwe cyintego rusange-yihuta yicyuma cya tungsten ibyuma ni W18Cr4V, (bita W18). Ifite imikorere myiza muri rusange. Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyane kuri 6000C ni 48.5HRC, kandi burashobora gukoreshwa mugukora ibikoresho bitandukanye bigoye. Ifite ibyiza byo gusya neza hamwe na decarburisiyasi nkeya, ariko bitewe na karbide nyinshi, gukwirakwiza kutaringaniye, ibice binini, n'imbaraga nke no gukomera.
Steel Icyuma cya Tungsten-molybdenum: bivuga ibyuma byihuta byabonetse mugusimbuza igice cya tungsten mubyuma bya tungsten na molybdenum. Urwego rusanzwe rwicyuma cya tungsten-molybdenum ni W6Mo5Cr4V2, (bita M2). Ibice bya karbide ya M2 nibyiza kandi birasa, kandi imbaraga zayo, ubukana hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyane biruta ibya W18Cr4V. Ubundi bwoko bwa tungsten-molybdenum ibyuma ni W9Mo3Cr4V (W9 kubugufi). Ubushyuhe bwumuriro burenze gato ibyuma bya M2, imbaraga zunama no gukomera biruta W6M05Cr4V2, kandi bifite imikorere myiza.
Ibikoresho byo hejuru byihuta cyane ibikoresho byo gukata ibyuma
Ibyuma byihuta cyane byihuta byerekana ubwoko bushya bwibyuma byongeramo ibintu bimwe na bimwe bya karubone, ibirimo vanadium, hamwe nibintu bivanga nka Co na Al muguhimba ibyuma rusange-bigamije kwihuta cyane, bityo bikazamura ubushyuhe bwabyo no kwambara birwanya . Hariho ibyiciro bikurikira:
Carbon Icyuma cyihuta cyane cyuma. Ibyuma bya karubone byihuta cyane (nka 95W18Cr4V) bifite ubukana bwinshi mubushyuhe bwicyumba nubushyuhe bwinshi. Irakwiriye gukora no gutunganya ibyuma bisanzwe hamwe nicyuma, ibyuma, dramers, kanda hamwe nogusya hamwe nibisabwa cyane birwanya kwambara, cyangwa ibikoresho byo gutunganya ibikoresho bikomeye. Ntibikwiye kwihanganira ingaruka nini.
Van Icyuma cyihuta cya vanadium ibyuma byihuta. Ibyiciro bisanzwe, nka W12Cr4V4Mo, (byitwa EV4), bifite V byiyongereye kugera kuri 3% kugeza kuri 5%, bifite imyambarire myiza yo kwambara, kandi bikwiriye gukata ibikoresho bitera kwambara ibikoresho bikomeye, nka fibre, reberi ikomeye, plastike , nibindi, kandi birashobora no gukoreshwa mugutunganya Ibikoresho nkibyuma bitagira umwanda, ibyuma bikomeye cyane hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru.
Ob Cobalt ibyuma byihuta. Nibikoresho bya cobalt birimo super-ikomeye cyane yihuta. Amanota asanzwe, nka W2Mo9Cr4VCo8, (bita M42), afite ubukana bwinshi. Gukomera kwayo kurashobora gushika kuri 69-70HRC. Irakwiriye gutunganywa bigoye-gukoresha-imbaraga-zokoresha imbaraga nyinshi-zirwanya ubushyuhe, amavuta yubushyuhe bwo hejuru, amavuta ya titanium, nibindi. Ibikoresho byo gutunganya: M42 ifite urusyo rwiza kandi ikwiriye gukora ibikoresho byuzuye kandi bigoye, ariko ntibikwiye kubikorwa byo kugabanya ingaruka.
④ Icyuma cyihuta cya aluminium. Ni aluminiyumu irimo super-ikomeye cyane yihuta. Ibyiciro bisanzwe ni, kurugero, W6Mo5Cr4V2Al, (byitwa 501). Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyane kuri 6000C nabwo bugera kuri 54HRC. Imikorere yo gukata ihwanye na M42. Irakwiriye gukora imashini zisya, bits, reamers, imashini zikoresha ibikoresho, hamwe na broach. nibindi, bikoreshwa mugutunganya ibikoresho nkibyuma bivanze, ibyuma bidafite ingese, ibyuma bikomeye cyane hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru.
Azote super-ikomeye-yihuta cyane. Ibyiciro bisanzwe, nka W12M03Cr4V3N, byitwa (V3N), ni azote irimo super-ikomeye cyane yihuta cyane. Gukomera, imbaraga, no gukomera bihwanye na M42. Birashobora gukoreshwa nkibisimbuza cobalt irimo ibyuma byihuta kandi bigakoreshwa mugukata byihuse ibikoresho bigoye kumashini nibikoresho byihuta, ibyuma bisobanutse neza. gutunganya.
Gushonga ibyuma byihuta cyane nifu ya metallurgie ibyuma byihuta
Ukurikije uburyo butandukanye bwo gukora, ibyuma byihuta birashobora kugabanywa gushonga ibyuma byihuta hamwe nifu ya metallurgie ibyuma byihuta.
Guconga ibyuma byihuta cyane: Byombi bisanzwe byihuta byihuta hamwe nicyuma cyihuta cyane cyakozwe muburyo bwo gushonga. Byakozwe mubyuma binyuze mubikorwa nko gushonga, gushiramo ingot, no gufata no kuzunguruka. Ikibazo gikomeye kibaho byoroshye mugihe ushonga ibyuma byihuta ni ugutandukanya karbide. Carbide ikomeye kandi yoroheje ikwirakwizwa mu buryo butaringaniye mu byuma byihuta, kandi ibinyampeke ni bito (bigera kuri microni mirongo), bigira ingaruka ku kurwanya no gukomera kw'ibikoresho byihuta byihuta. kandi bigira ingaruka mbi zo guca imikorere.
② Ifu ya metallurgie yihuta cyane (PM HSS): Ifu ya metallurgie yihuta cyane (PM HSS) nicyuma cyamazi cyashongeshejwe mumatanura yumuriro mwinshi, atome hamwe na argon yumuvuduko mwinshi cyangwa azote nziza, hanyuma ikazimya kugirango ibone kristu nziza. Imiterere (ifu yihuta yifu), hanyuma ukande ifu yavuyemo mucyuma cyambaye ubusa munsi yubushyuhe bwinshi numuvuduko mwinshi, cyangwa ubanze ukore fagitire yicyuma hanyuma uhimbe hanyuma uyizunguze muburyo bwicyuma. Ugereranije nicyuma cyihuta cyakozwe nuburyo bwo gushonga, PM HSS ifite ibyiza byuko ibinyampeke bya karbide ari byiza kandi bisa, kandi imbaraga, ubukana, hamwe no kwihanganira kwambara byateye imbere cyane ugereranije nicyuma cyihuta cyane. Mu rwego rwibikoresho bigoye bya CNC, ibikoresho bya PM HSS bizarushaho gutera imbere no gufata umwanya wingenzi. Amanota asanzwe, nka F15, FR71, GFl, GF2, GF3, PT1, PVN, nibindi, arashobora gukoreshwa mugukora ibikoresho binini binini, biremereye cyane, byangiza cyane, hamwe nibikoresho byo gutema neza.
Amahame yo gutoranya ibikoresho bya CNC
Kugeza ubu, ibikoresho bya CNC bikoreshwa cyane birimo ibikoresho bya diyama, ibikoresho bya cubic boron nitride, ibikoresho bya ceramic, ibikoresho bisize, ibikoresho bya karbide, ibikoresho byihuta byihuta, nibindi. Hariho ibyiciro byinshi byibikoresho, kandi imitungo yabo iratandukanye cyane. Imbonerahamwe ikurikira irerekana ibikorwa byingenzi byerekana ibikoresho bitandukanye.
Ibikoresho by'ibikoresho byo gutunganya CNC bigomba gutoranywa ukurikije igihangano gitunganyirizwa hamwe n'imiterere yo gutunganya. Guhitamo ibikoresho byibikoresho bigomba guhuzwa neza nibintu bitunganyirizwa. Guhuza ibikoresho byo gukata ibikoresho nibikoresho byo gutunganya bivuga cyane cyane guhuza imiterere yubukanishi, imiterere yumubiri nubumara bwa chimique byombi kugirango ubone ibikoresho birebire byubuzima hamwe no kugabanya umusaruro mwinshi.
1. Guhuza imiterere yubukanishi bwo gukata ibikoresho nibikoresho byo gutunganya
Ikibazo cyo guhuza imiterere yubukanishi bwigikoresho cyo gutema nikintu cyo gutunganya ahanini bivuga guhuza ibipimo byumutungo nkimbaraga, ubukana nubukomezi bwigikoresho nibikoresho byakazi. Ibikoresho by'ibikoresho bifite imiterere itandukanye ikwiranye no gutunganya ibikoresho bitandukanye byakazi.
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Ibikoresho-bikomeye cyane byakazi bigomba gutunganywa hamwe nibikoresho-bikomeye. Ubukomezi bwibikoresho bigomba kuba hejuru kurenza ubukana bwibikoresho byakazi, mubisanzwe bisabwa kuba hejuru ya 60HRC. Iyo ubukana bwibikoresho bikoresho, niko birwanya kwambara. Kurugero, iyo ibintu bya cobalt biri muri karbide ya sima byiyongereye, imbaraga nubukomezi byiyongera nubukomere bwayo bikagabanuka, bigatuma bikenerwa no gutunganya bikabije; iyo cobalt igabanutse, ubukana bwayo no kwambara birwanya kwiyongera, bigatuma bikwiranye no kurangiza.
Ibikoresho bifite ubukonje buhanitse bwo mu rwego rwo hejuru birakwiriye cyane cyane gukata byihuse. Imikorere myiza yubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwibikoresho byo gutema ceramic ibafasha guca kumuvuduko mwinshi, kandi umuvuduko wemewe wo gukata urashobora kuba inshuro 2 kugeza 10 kurenza karbide ya sima.
2. Guhuza imiterere yumubiri wibikoresho byo gukata ibikoresho byakozwe
Ibikoresho bifite imiterere itandukanye yumubiri, nkibikoresho byihuta byuma byuma bifite ubushyuhe bwinshi nubushyuhe buke, ibikoresho bya ceramique bifite aho bishonga cyane hamwe no kwaguka kwinshi, ibikoresho bya diyama bifite ubushyuhe bwinshi nubushyuhe buke, nibindi, birakwiriye gutunganya ibikoresho bitandukanye byakazi. Mugihe cyo gutunganya ibihangano bifite ubushyuhe buke bwubushyuhe, ibikoresho byibikoresho bifite ubushyuhe bwiza bigomba gukoreshwa kugirango ubushyuhe bwo gutema bushobora kwimurwa vuba kandi ubushyuhe bwo kugabanya bushobora kugabanuka. Bitewe nubushyuhe bwinshi bwumuriro hamwe nubushuhe bwumuriro, diyama irashobora gukwirakwiza byoroshye ubushyuhe bwo gutema idateye ihinduka ryinshi ryumuriro, rikaba ari ingenzi cyane kubikoresho byo gutunganya neza bisaba uburinganire buhanitse.
Temperature Ubushyuhe bwo kurwanya ubushyuhe bwibikoresho bitandukanye: ibikoresho bya diyama ni 700 ~ 8000C, ibikoresho bya PCBN ni 13000 ~ 15000C, ibikoresho bya ceramic ni 1100 ~ 12000C, TiC (N) bishingiye kuri sima ya sima ni 900 ~ 11000C, WC ishingiye kuri ultra-nziza ibinyampeke Carbide ni 800 ~ 9000C, HSS ni 600 ~ 7000C.
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3. Guhuza imiterere yimiti yibikoresho byo gutema ibintu byakozwe
Ikibazo cyo guhuza imiterere yimiti yo gukata ibikoresho nibikoresho byo gutunganya ahanini bivuga guhuza ibipimo byimikorere nkibikoresho bya chimique, reaction ya chimique, gukwirakwiza no gusesa ibikoresho byibikoresho nibikoresho byakazi. Ibikoresho bifite ibikoresho bitandukanye birakwiriye gutunganya ibikoresho bitandukanye byakazi.
Resistance Guhuza ubushyuhe bwibikoresho bitandukanye (hamwe nicyuma) ni: PCBN> ceramic> tungsten carbide> HSS.
Temperature Ubushyuhe bwo kurwanya okiside yibikoresho bitandukanye ni: ceramic> PCBN> tungsten karbide> diyama> HSS.
Imbaraga zo gukwirakwiza ibikoresho by'ibikoresho (ku byuma) ni: diyama> Ceramics ishingiye kuri Si3N4> PCBN> Ceramics ishingiye kuri A1203. Gukwirakwiza ubukana (kuri titanium) ni: A1203 ishingiye kuri ceramic> PCBN> SiC> Si3N4> diyama.
4. Guhitamo neza ibikoresho bya CNC ibikoresho
Muri rusange, PCBN, ibikoresho bya ceramic, carbide isize hamwe nibikoresho bya karbide ya TiCN bikwiranye na CNC gutunganya ibyuma bya fer nk'ibyuma; mugihe ibikoresho bya PCD bikwiranye nibikoresho bitarimo ferrous nka Al, Mg, Cu hamwe na alloys hamwe no gutunganya ibikoresho bitari ibyuma. Imbonerahamwe ikurikira irerekana bimwe mubikoresho byakazi ibikoresho byavuzwe haruguru bikwiriye gutunganywa.
Ibikoresho bya Xinfa CNC bifite ibiranga ubuziranenge bwiza nigiciro gito. Ushaka ibisobanuro birambuye, nyamuneka sura:
Abakora ibikoresho bya CNC - Ubushinwa CNC Uruganda & Abaguzi (xinfatools.com)
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-01-2023
