01 Uburemere bwigitonyanga
Ikintu icyo aricyo cyose kizaba gifite impengamiro yo kugabanuka bitewe nuburemere bwacyo. Mu gusudira neza, uburemere bwicyuma cyashongeshejwe gitera imbere kwimuka yigitonyanga. Nyamara, mu gusudira guhagaritse no gusudira hejuru, uburemere bwigitonyanga cyashongeshejwe kibuza ihinduka ryigitonyanga cyashongeshejwe muri pisine yashonze kandi kiba inzitizi.
02 Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru
Kimwe nandi mazi, ibyuma byamazi bifite uburemere bwubuso, ni ukuvuga, mugihe nta mbaraga zituruka hanze, ubuso bwamazi buzagabanuka hanyuma bugabanuke muruziga. Kubyuma byamazi, uburemere bwubuso butuma icyuma gishongeshejwe.
Icyuma cya electrode kimaze gushonga, icyuma cyacyo cyamazi ntigahita kigwa, ahubwo kigira igitonyanga cyumubyimba kimanitse kumpera ya electrode munsi yubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Mugihe electrode ikomeje gushonga, ingano yigitonyanga gishongeshejwe ikomeza kwiyongera kugeza igihe imbaraga zikora kumatonyanga zashongeshejwe zirenze impagarara hagati yimbere yigitonyanga cyashongeshejwe, kandi igitonyanga gishongeshejwe kizacika kumurongo wo gusudira. no kwimukira muri pisine yashongeshejwe. Kubwibyo, ubuso bwubuso ntabwo bufasha guhinduranya ibitonyanga byashongeshejwe mu gusudira neza.
Nyamara, impagarara zubuso ni ingirakamaro mu kwimura ibitonyanga bishongeshejwe mugihe cyo gusudira muyindi myanya nko gusudira hejuru. Ubwa mbere, icyuma gishongeshejwe kimanikwa hejuru kuri weld munsi yubushyuhe bwo hejuru kandi ntibyoroshye gutonyanga;
Icya kabiri, mugihe igitonyanga gishongeshejwe kumpera ya electrode ihuza icyuma gishongeshejwe, igitonyanga gishongeshejwe kizakururwa muri pisine yashongeshejwe bitewe nigikorwa cyuburemere bwubuso bwa pisine yashongeshejwe.
Nubunini buringaniye bwubuso, niko igitonyanga gishongeshejwe kumpera yo gusudira. Ingano yubuso bwubuso bufitanye isano nibintu byinshi. Kurugero, uko diameter nini ya electrode, nini nini hejuru yubushyuhe bwigitonyanga cyashongeshejwe kumpera ya electrode;
Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwicyuma cyamazi, niko umuto wacyo ugabanuka. Kwongeramo gaze ya okiside (Ar-O2 Ar-CO2) kuri gaze ikingira irashobora kugabanya cyane uburemere bwubuso bwicyuma cyamazi, bifasha mugukora uduce duto duto twashongeshejwe kugirango tujye muri pisine yashongeshejwe.
03 Imbaraga za electronique (imbaraga zo kugabanya amashanyarazi)
Abatavuga rumwe na bo bakurura, bityo abayobora bombi bakururana. Imbaraga zikurura abayobora bombi bita electromagnetic power. Icyerekezo kiva hanze kijya imbere. Ubunini bwingufu za electromagnetique bugereranwa nibicuruzwa byumuyaga wa kiyobora byombi, ni ukuvuga ko uko umuyaga unyura mu kiyobora, niko imbaraga za electronique.
Mugihe cyo gusudira, turashobora kubona insinga zogosha zashizwe hamwe nigitonyanga cyamazi kumpera yicyuma cyo gusudira kigizwe nabatwara ibintu byinshi bitwara ibintu.
Muri ubu buryo, ukurikije ihame ry’ingaruka za electromagnetique yavuzwe haruguru, ntago bigoye kumva ko insinga zo gusudira hamwe nigitonyanga nazo ziterwa ningufu zo gukurura imirasire kuva impande zose kugera hagati, bityo ikaba yitwa imbaraga za compression power.
Imbaraga zo guhagarika amashanyarazi zituma ibice byambukiranya inkoni yo gusudira bikunda kugabanuka. Imbaraga zo guhagarika amashanyarazi nta ngaruka zigira ku gice gikomeye cy’inkoni yo gusudira, ariko igira uruhare runini ku cyuma gisukuye ku mpera y’inkoni yo gusudira, bigatuma igitonyanga kibaho vuba.
Ku gitonyanga cyicyuma, imbaraga za electromagnetic zikora zihagaritse hejuru yacyo. Ahantu hamwe nubucucike bunini buriho hazaba igice cya diametre yoroheje yigitonyanga, nacyo kizabera aho imbaraga zo guhagarika amashanyarazi zikoresha cyane.
Kubwibyo, uko ijosi rigenda ryoroha buhoro buhoro, ubucucike buriho buriyongera, kandi imbaraga zo kwikuramo amashanyarazi nazo zikiyongera, bigatuma igitonyanga gishongeshejwe gihita gitandukana kuva amaherezo ya electrode no kwimukira muri pisine yashongeshejwe. Ibi byemeza ko igitonyanga gishongeshejwe gishobora guhinduka neza gushonga ahantu hose.
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Muburyo bubiri bwo gusudira gake hamwe no gusudira, ingaruka za electromagnetic compression imbaraga kumatonyanga iratandukanye. Iyo imiyoboro yo gusudira iba mike, imbaraga za electronique ni nto. Muri iki gihe, icyuma gisukuye ku mpera yinsinga yo gusudira cyibasiwe cyane nimbaraga ebyiri, imwe ni impagarara zubuso naho ubundi ni uburemere.
Kubwibyo, mugihe insinga yo gusudira ikomeje gushonga, ingano yigitonyanga cyamazi kimanitse kumpera yinsinga yo gusudira ikomeje kwiyongera. Iyo ingano yiyongereye kurwego runaka kandi uburemere bwayo burahagije kugirango tuneshe impagarara zubuso, igitonyanga kizacika ku nsinga yo gusudira hanyuma kigwe muri pisine yashongeshejwe nigikorwa cya rukuruzi.
Muri iki kibazo, ingano yigitonyanga iba nini. Iyo igitonyanga kinini kinini kinyuze mu cyuho cya arc, arc ikunze kuba izunguruka mugihe gito, bikavamo ibice binini, kandi gutwika arc ntibihamye. Iyo imiyoboro yo gusudira ari nini, imbaraga zo gukanda amashanyarazi ni nini.
Ibinyuranye, uruhare rukuruzi ni nto cyane. Igitonyanga cyamazi cyane cyane kijya muri pisine yashongeshejwe hamwe nigitonyanga gito munsi yigikorwa cyingufu zo guhagarika amashanyarazi, kandi icyerekezo kirakomeye. Hatitawe ku mwanya wo gusudira uringaniye cyangwa umwanya wo gusudira hejuru, icyuma gitonyanga buri gihe kiva mu nsinga zo gusudira kijya muri pisine yashongeshejwe ku murongo wa arc hifashishijwe imbaraga za magneti zo guhonyora.
Mugihe cyo gusudira, ubucucike buriho kuri electrode cyangwa insinga muri rusange ni nini cyane, bityo imbaraga za electronique ni imbaraga zikomeye ziteza imbere ihinduka ryigitonyanga cyashongeshejwe mugihe cyo gusudira. Iyo inkoni ya gazi ikoreshejwe, ingano yigitonyanga gishongeshejwe igenzurwa no guhindura ubwinshi bwumuriro wo gusudira, nuburyo bukomeye bwikoranabuhanga.
Gusudira nimbaraga za electroniki ya magnetiki ikikije arc. Usibye ingaruka zavuzwe haruguru, irashobora kandi kubyara izindi mbaraga, nizo mbaraga zatewe no gukwirakwiza kutaringaniye ubukana bwa magneti.
Kuberako ubucucike bwicyuma cya electrode burenze ubwinshi bwikigero cyo gusudira, ubukana bwumurima wa magneti butangwa kuri electrode buruta ubwinshi bwumurima wa magneti ukomoka kuri weldment, bityo imbaraga zumurima zikabyara mugihe cyerekezo kirekire cya electrode .
Icyerekezo cyibikorwa ni kuva ahantu hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa magnetique (electrode) kugera ahantu hamwe nubushobozi buke bwa magnetique yumurima (weldment), kubwibyo rero uko umwanya waba uri uri hose, buri gihe bifasha inzibacyuho gushonga igitonyanga kuri pisine yashongeshejwe.
04 Umuvuduko winkingi (imbaraga zumwanya)
Ibice byashizwemo muri welding arc ahanini ni electron na ion nziza. Bitewe nigikorwa cyumuriro wamashanyarazi, umurongo wa electron ugenda werekeza kuri anode naho ion nziza ikerekeza kuri cathode. Ibi bice byashizwemo bigongana nibibara byaka kuri pole ebyiri kandi bikabyara.
Iyo DC ihujwe neza, igitutu cya ion nziza kibuza inzibacyuho yatonyanga. Iyo DC ihujwe ku buryo butandukanye, ni umuvuduko wa electron ubuza inzibacyuho yigitonyanga. Kubera ko ubwinshi bwa ion nziza buruta ubwa electron, umuvuduko wurugendo rwiza rwa ion uruta urwa electron.
Kubwibyo, biroroshye kubyara ibice byinzibacyuho mugihe ihuza ryihuza rihujwe, ariko ntabwo byoroshye mugihe ihuza ryiza rihujwe. Ibi ni ukubera imikazo itandukanye ya pole.
05 Imbaraga zo guhumeka gaze (plasma itemba)
Mu gusudira intoki arc, gushonga kwa electrode itwikiriye inyuma gato yo gushonga kwingingo yo gusudira, bigakora igice gito cy "impanda" -kuboko kwishusho itarashonga kurangiza.
Hariho gaze nini ya gaze iterwa no kubora kwa gaze ya gazi na gaze ya CO iterwa na okiside yibintu bya karubone mumashanyarazi yo gusudira. Iyi myuka iraguka vuba kubera gushyukwa n'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, kandi ikihutira kugana ku cyerekezo cy'icyuma kidashongeshejwe mu kirere kigororotse (kigororotse) kandi gihamye, gihuha ibitonyanga byashongeshejwe muri pisine yashongeshejwe. Tutitaye kumwanya uhagaze wa weld, iyi myuka yo mu kirere izagira akamaro muguhindura icyuma gishongeshejwe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-20-2024
