1. Gukoresha azote
Azote ni gaze ya inert idafite ibara, idafite uburozi, impumuro nziza. Kubwibyo, azote ya gaze yakoreshejwe cyane nka gaze ikingira. Amazi ya azote yakoreshejwe cyane nkigikoresho gikonjesha gishobora guhura numwuka. Ni gaze ikomeye. , bimwe mubisanzwe bikoreshwa nibi bikurikira:
1. Gutunganya ibyuma: isoko ya azote yo kuvura ubushyuhe nko kuzimya cyane, annealing yaka, nitriding, nitrocarburizing, karubone yoroshye, nibindi.; gazi ikingira mugihe cyo gusudira nifu ya metallurgie yogucumura, nibindi.
2. Sintezike yimiti: Azote ikoreshwa cyane muguhuza ammonia. Inzira ya reaction ni N2 + 3H2 = 2NH3 (ibintu ni umuvuduko mwinshi, ubushyuhe bwinshi, na catalizator. Igisubizo ni reaction reaction) cyangwa fibre synthique (nylon, acrylic), resinike ya sintetike, reberi yubukorikori, nibindi bikoresho byingenzi. Azote ni intungamubiri zishobora no gukoreshwa mu gukora ifumbire. Kurugero: ammonium bicarbonate NH4HCO3, ammonium chloride NH4Cl, nitrate ya ammonium NH4NO3, nibindi.
3. Inganda za elegitoroniki: Inkomoko ya azote yo gutunganya imiyoboro minini ihuriweho hamwe, amabara ya TV yerekana amashusho, tereviziyo na radiyo hamwe nibice bya semiconductor.
4. Inganda zibyuma: gaze ikingira guhora ikomeza, kuzunguruka no gukomeza ibyuma; azote ihujwe ihuha hejuru no hepfo yibihindura kugirango ikore ibyuma, gufunga ibyuma bihindura ibyuma, gufunga hejuru y’itanura riturika, gaze yo guterwa amakara yatewe no gutanura ibyuma, nibindi.
5. Kubika ibiryo: kubika azote yuzuye no kubika ibinyampeke, imbuto, imboga, nibindi.; azote yuzuye kubika ibikoresho byo kubika inyama, foromaje, sinapi, icyayi nikawa, nibindi.; azote yuzuye na ogisijeni-yabuze kubika imitobe yimbuto, amavuta mbisi na jama, nibindi.; amacupa atandukanye asa na vino no kweza, nibindi.
6. Inganda zimiti: Kubika azote no kubika imiti gakondo yubushinwa (nka ginseng); Gutera azote yuzuye imiti yuburengerazuba; Ububiko bwuzuye azote n'ibikoresho; Inkomoko ya gaze yo gutwara pneumatike yimiti, nibindi.
7. Inganda zikora imiti: gaze irinda gusimburwa, gusukura, gufunga, gutahura, kumena kokiya yumye; gaze ikoreshwa muguhindura catalizator, gucamo peteroli, gukora fibre chimique, nibindi
8. Inganda zifumbire: ifumbire ya azote; gaze yo gusimbuza, gufunga, gukaraba, no kurinda catalizator.
9. Inganda za plastiki: kwanduza pneumatike ibice bya plastike; anti-okiside mubikorwa bya plastike no kubika, nibindi
Abakora Azote - Abashinwa Uruganda rutunganya azote & abatanga ibicuruzwa (xinfatools.com)
10. Inganda za rubber: gupakira no kubika; kubyara amapine, nibindi
11. Inganda zikirahure: gaze ikingira mugikorwa cyo gukora ibirahure bireremba.
12. Inganda zikomoka kuri peteroli: kwishyuza azote no kweza ububiko, ibikoresho, iminara ya catalitike yamenetse, imiyoboro, nibindi.; igeragezwa ryumuyaga mwuka wa sisitemu y'imiyoboro, nibindi.
13. Gutezimbere peteroli yo hanze; gazi itwikiriye urubuga mugukuramo amavuta yo hanze, gutera igitutu cya azote yo kuvoma peteroli, kwinjiza ibigega, ibikoresho, nibindi.
14. Ububiko: Kugira ngo wirinde ibikoresho byaka muri selire no mu bubiko gufata umuriro no guturika, uzuza azote.
15. Ubwikorezi bwo mu nyanja: gaze ikoreshwa mugusukura tanker no kuyirinda.
16. Ikoranabuhanga mu kirere: kuzamura peteroli ya roketi, gaze yo gusimbuza padi na gaze yo kurinda umutekano, gaze yo kugenzura ibyogajuru, icyumba cyo kwigana icyogajuru, gusukura gaze kumiyoboro ya peteroli yindege, nibindi.
17. Gushyira mu bikorwa mu bucukuzi bwa peteroli, gaze, n’amakara: Kuzuza amavuta neza na azote ntibishobora kongera umuvuduko mu iriba no kongera umusaruro wa peteroli, ariko azote irashobora no gukoreshwa nk'igitambaro mu gupima imiyoboro ya dring , kwirinda rwose igitutu cyondo mu iriba. Ibishoboka byo guhonyora inkingi yo hepfo. Byongeye kandi, azote ikoreshwa no mubikorwa byo hasi nka acide, kuvunika, hydraulic blowholes, hamwe no gushiraho hydraulic packer. Kuzuza gaze gasanzwe na azote birashobora kugabanya agaciro ka calorificateur. Iyo usimbuye imiyoboro hamwe namavuta ya peteroli, azote irashobora gukoreshwa mugutwika no gutera ibikoresho kumpande zombi kugirango bikomere kandi ubifunge.
18. Abandi:
A. Irangi hamwe nigitambaro byuzuye azote na ogisijeni kugirango birinde polymerisation yumye; ibigega bya peteroli na gaze gasanzwe, kontineri, hamwe nu miyoboro itwara abantu byuzuye azote na ogisijeni, nibindi.
B. Amapine y'imodoka
(1) Kunoza amapine yo gutwara no guhumurizwa
Azote ni gaze ya diatomike ya inert ifite imiti idakora cyane. Molekile ya gaze nini kuruta molekile ya ogisijeni, ntabwo ikunda kwaguka k'ubushyuhe no kugabanuka, kandi ifite intera ntoya. Igipimo cyacyo cyinjira mu kayira kegereye amapine gahoro gahoro kugera kuri 30 kugeza kuri 40% ugereranije n’umwuka, kandi irashobora kugumya guhagarika umuvuduko w’ipine, kunoza itwara ry’ipine, no kwemeza ubworoherane bwo gutwara; azote ifite amajwi make, ahwanye na 1/5 cyumwuka usanzwe. Gukoresha azote birashobora kugabanya neza urusaku rw'ipine no guteza imbere ituze.
(2) Irinde guhanuka kw'ipine no kubura umwuka
Amapine ya flat ni yo ya mbere itera impanuka zo mu muhanda. Nk’uko imibare ibigaragaza, 46% by’impanuka zo mu muhanda ku mihanda minini ziterwa no kunanirwa kw'ipine, muri zo impanuka z’ipine zikaba 70% by’impanuka zose z’ipine. Iyo imodoka igenda, ubushyuhe bwipine buzamuka kubera guterana hasi. Cyane cyane iyo utwaye umuvuduko mwinshi no gufata feri byihutirwa, ubushyuhe bwa gaze mumapine buzamuka byihuse kandi umuvuduko wipine uziyongera cyane, bityo haribishoboka ko habaho ipine. Ubushyuhe bwinshi butera reberi yipine gusaza, kugabanya imbaraga zumunaniro, kandi bigatera kwambara gukabije, nabyo bikaba ikintu cyingenzi mubishobora guturika. Ugereranije n'umwuka usanzwe ufite umuvuduko ukabije, azote ifite isuku nyinshi idafite ogisijeni kandi irimo amazi cyangwa amavuta. Ifite coefficente yo kwagura ubushyuhe buke, ubushyuhe buke bwumuriro, kuzamuka kwubushyuhe buhoro, kugabanya umuvuduko wubushyuhe bwamapine, kandi ntibishobora gutwikwa kandi ntibishyigikira gutwikwa. , amahirwe rero yo guhanagura ipine arashobora kugabanuka cyane.
(3) Ongera ubuzima bwa serivisi
Nyuma yo gukoresha azote, umuvuduko w'ipine urahagaze kandi ihinduka ry'ijwi ni rito, ibyo bigabanya cyane amahirwe yo guterana amapine adasanzwe, nko kwambara ikamba, kwambara ibitugu, no kwambara eccentric, kandi byongera ubuzima bwa serivisi bw'ipine; gusaza kwa reberi bigira ingaruka kuri molekile ya ogisijeni mu kirere Kubera okiside, imbaraga zayo na elastique bigabanuka nyuma yo gusaza, kandi hazabaho gucika. Iyi ni imwe mu mpamvu zituma ubuzima bwa pine bugabanuka. Igikoresho cyo gutandukanya azote kirashobora gukuraho ogisijeni, sulfure, amavuta, amazi n’ibindi byanduye mu kirere ku buryo bugaragara, bikagabanya neza urugero rwa okiside y’imbere y’imbere y’imbere hamwe na ruswa yangirika, kandi ntizishobora kwangirika ku cyuma, ikongerera ubuzima bw'ipine . Ubuzima bwa serivisi nabwo bugabanya cyane ingese yuruziga.
(4) Kugabanya gukoresha lisansi no kurengera ibidukikije
Umuvuduko w'amapine udahagije hamwe no kongera imbaraga zo kuzunguruka nyuma yo gushyushya bizatera kwiyongera kwikoreshwa rya lisansi mugihe utwaye. Azote, usibye gukomeza umuvuduko w'amapine no gutinda kugabanya umuvuduko w'ipine, irumye, nta mavuta cyangwa amazi, kandi ifite ubushyuhe buke. , uburyo bwo gushyushya buhoro bugabanya ubushyuhe bwiyongera mugihe ipine ikora, kandi guhindura amapine ni bito, gufata neza biragenda neza, nibindi, kandi kurwanya kugabanuka bizagabanuka, bityo bigere ku ntego yo kugabanya ikoreshwa rya lisansi.
2. Gukoresha azote ikonje
1. Ubuvuzi bwa Cryogenic: kubaga, kuvura cryogenic, gukonjesha amaraso, gukonjesha ibiyobyabwenge no kumenagura cryogenic, nibindi.
2. Bioengineering: kurinda no gutwara ibimera byagaciro, ingirabuzimafatizo, germplasme genetique, nibindi.
3. Gutunganya ibyuma: kuvura gukonjesha ibyuma, gukonjesha gukonjesha, gusohora no gusya, nibindi.
4. Gutunganya ibiryo: ibikoresho bikonjesha byihuse, gukonjesha ibiryo no gutwara, nibindi.
5. Ikoranabuhanga mu kirere: ibikoresho byo kohereza, amasoko akonje yibyumba byo kwigana, nibindi.
3. Hamwe niterambere ryubumenyi nikoranabuhanga hamwe niterambere ryubwubatsi bwubukungu, ikoreshwa rya azote ryarushijeho gukwirakwira, kandi ryinjiye mubice byinshi byinganda ndetse nubuzima bwa buri munsi.
1 Byerekanwe ko inzira hafi ya zose zo gutunganya ubushyuhe, harimo kuzimya, gutwika, carburizing, carboneitriding, nitride yoroshye na recarburisation, bishobora kurangizwa hifashishijwe umwuka wa gaze wa azote. Ubwiza bwibice byibyuma bivurwa birashobora kugereranywa nibigereranywa nubuvuzi gakondo bwa endothermic. Mu myaka yashize, iterambere, ubushakashatsi no gushyira mubikorwa ubu buryo bushya mu gihugu ndetse no hanze yarimo kuzamuka kandi byageze ku musaruro utanga umusaruro.
2. Gushyira mubikorwa bya elegitoroniki: Mubikorwa byo gukora ibikoresho bya elegitoronike nibice bya semiconductor, azote ifite ubuziranenge burenga 99,999% igomba gukoreshwa nka gaze ikingira. Kugeza ubu, igihugu cyanjye cyakoresheje azote ifite isuku nyinshi nka gaze itwara na gaze ikingira mu gutunganya amashanyarazi yerekana amashusho ya tereviziyo, imiyoboro minini ihuriweho hamwe, kristu y’amazi hamwe na waferi ya silicon.
3. Gushyira mubikorwa bya fibre chimique: Azote-isukuye cyane ikoreshwa nka gaze irinda umusaruro wa fibre chimique kugirango ibuze fibre fibre okiside mugihe cyo gukora kandi bigira ingaruka kumabara. Iyo ubuziranenge bwa azote buri hejuru, niko ibara ryiza ryibicuruzwa bya fibre. Muri iki gihe, inganda zimwe na zimwe za fibre fibre fibre mu gihugu cyanjye zifite ibikoresho bya azote bifite isuku nyinshi.
4. Gusaba mububiko bwo guturamo no kubibungabunga: Kugeza ubu, uburyo bwo gufunga ububiko, kuzuza azote no gukuramo umwuka byakoreshejwe cyane mubihugu byo hanze kubika ingano. Igihugu cyacu nacyo cyagerageje neza ubu buryo kandi bwinjiye mu cyiciro cyo kuzamura no gushyira mu bikorwa. Gukoresha imyuka ya azote kugirango ubike ibinyampeke nk'umuceri, ingano, sayiri, ibigori, n'umuceri birashobora gukumira udukoko, ubushyuhe, na mildew, ku buryo bishobora kubikwa neza mu gihe cy'izuba. Ubu buryo ni ugufunga ingano cyane hamwe nigitambaro cya pulasitike, banza ukimure muri reta ya vacuum, hanyuma ukuzuza azote hamwe nubuziranenge bwa 98% kugeza igihe igitutu cyimbere ninyuma kiringaniye. Ibi birashobora kwambura ikirundo ingano ya ogisijeni, kugabanya ubukana bwubuhumekero bwingano, kandi bikabuza kubyara mikorobe. Borers bose bazapfa kubera kubura ogisijeni mu masaha 36. Ubu buryo bwo kugabanya ogisijeni no kwica udukoko ntabwo bizigama amafaranga menshi (hafi kimwe ku ijana cyikiguzi cya fumigasi hamwe nibiyobyabwenge bifite ubumara bukabije nka zinc fosifide), ariko kandi bikomeza gushya nagaciro kintungamubiri yibiribwa kandi birinda kwandura bagiteri. no kwanduza ibiyobyabwenge.
Kubika azote no kubika imbuto, imboga, icyayi, nibindi nuburyo bwateye imbere. Ubu buryo burashobora kugabanya umuvuduko wa metabolisme yimbuto, imboga, amababi, nibindi muburyo bwa azote nyinshi hamwe na ogisijeni nkeya, nkaho byinjira muburyo bwo gusinzira, bikabuza nyuma yo kwera, bityo bikagumya gushya igihe kirekire. Ukurikije ibizamini, pome ibitswe na azote iracyoroshye kandi iraryoshye nyuma y'amezi 8, kandi ikiguzi cyo kubika pome kuri kilo ni hafi 1. Ububiko bwuzuye azote burashobora kugabanya cyane igihombo cyimbuto mugihe cyimpera, kwemeza itangwa ryimbuto kumasoko yigihembwe, kuzamura ubwiza bwimbuto zoherejwe hanze, no kongera amafaranga y’amahanga.
Icyayi kirimo vacuum kandi cyuzuyemo azote, ni ukuvuga ko icyayi gishyirwa mu gikapu cya aluminium-platine (cyangwa nylon polyethylene-aluminium composite foil), umwuka urakuramo, inshinge za azote, hanyuma umufuka ugafungwa. Nyuma yumwaka umwe, ubwiza bwicyayi buzaba bushya, isupu yicyayi izaba isobanutse kandi yaka, kandi uburyohe buzaba bwiza kandi buhumura. Biragaragara, gukoresha ubu buryo kugirango ubungabunge icyayi gishya nibyiza cyane kuruta gupakira vacuum cyangwa gupakira.
Kugeza ubu, ibiryo byinshi biracyapakirwa muri vacuum cyangwa bipfunyitse. Gupakira Vacuum bikunze guhumeka ikirere, kandi gupakira bikonje bikunda kwangirika. Ntanumwe murimwe umeze neza nka vacuum azote yuzuye.
5. Gushyira mu bikorwa ikoranabuhanga mu kirere
Isanzure irakonje, yijimye kandi iri mu cyuho kinini. Iyo abantu bagiye mwijuru, bagomba kubanza gukora ubushakashatsi bwokwigana ikirere hasi. Amazi ya azote na helium y'amazi bigomba gukoreshwa mu kwigana umwanya. Ibyumba binini byo kwigana mu kirere muri Amerika bikoresha metero kibe 300.000 za gaze ya azote buri kwezi kugirango ikore ibizamini binini byo kwigana umuyaga. Kuri roketi, kugira ngo harebwe neza imikorere y’amazi ya hydrogène yaka kandi aturika, ibyuma bizimya umuriro wa azote bishyirwa ahantu hakwiye. Azote ifite umuvuduko ukabije kandi ni gaze itanga ingufu za peteroli ya roketi (hydrogène hydrogène-yamazi ya ogisijeni) hamwe na gaze isukura umuyoboro waka.
Mbere yuko indege ihaguruka cyangwa nyuma yo kugwa, mu rwego rwo kurinda umutekano no gukumira ibyago byo guturika mu cyumba cyaka moteri, mu bisanzwe ni ngombwa koza icyumba cya moteri hamwe na azote.
Byongeye kandi, azote nayo ikoreshwa nka gaze ikingira ingufu za atome.
Muri make, azote igenda itoneshwa mubijyanye no kurinda n'ubwishingizi. Isoko rya azote riragenda ryiyongera hamwe no guteza imbere inganda. Iterambere ryihuse ry’iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’igihugu cyanjye, ingano ya azote ikoreshwa mu gihugu cyanjye nayo iziyongera vuba.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-22-2024
